Current and anticipated activities,the presence of disability,and design implications for older adults

Abstract

The present research explores the relationships between the presence of specific disabling conditions in the household, engagement in activities, and implications for the design of environments for older adults. The sample included 234 Arkansas residents between the ages of 60 and 93 that were contacted via random digit dialing. The instrument was comprised of demographic data, questions on activities in both current and anticipated (when I am old) lifestyle, and the presence of disabilities within the household. Significant relationships found between the presence of mobility impairments and lower levels of engagement in current activities such as childcare, driving, visiting family, dining out, and exercising reflect the continued need for adaptations to the environment. Significant relationships between the presence of a visual impairment and activities such as shopping, driving, visiting family, dining out, spending time outdoors, and volunteering highlight the lack of fit between environments in which significant data must be processed or which have not been designed to accommodate those with visual impairments. Activities in the home were not found to be significant within this disability category and this is perhaps due to the fact that individuals with visual impairments can control a home environment and be successful in a wide range of activities. An examination of activities with regard to depression indicates that of the nine significant relationships found, six are levels of engagement when they are old and include visiting family, entertaining friends, dining out, exercising, and engaging in religious, volunteer, and community activities. Additional findings with regard to exercise, transportation, are discussed with regard to person-environment fit