El presente estudio investiga la relación entre aspectos cuantitativos y cualitativos del sueño y el rendimiento académico en niños de 6 y 7 años. Un total de 142 alumnos de primaria (65 niñas y 77 niños) procedentes de diversos centros escolares y sin alteraciones patológicas que afectan el sueño fueron evaluados, a través de un cuestionario presentado a los padres, respecto a sus hábitos y horas de sueño nocturno. Paralelamente, se evaluaron una serie de competencias académicas (comunicativas, metodológicas, transversales y específicas). Los resultados mostraron un peor desempeño escolar en los niños con menos horas de sueño y con unos malos hábitos de sueño, efecto que ya se había observado en estudios anteriores. Dormir menos de nueve horas y acostarse tarde y de forma irregular afecta al rendimiento académico de los niños de esta franja de edad respecto a todas las competencias evaluadas, excepto las específicas, a las que sólo afecta el mal hábito. Los autores concluyen que mantener una higiene de sueño adecuada a la edad contribuye al desarrollo cognitivo positivo y sugieren el desarrollo de programas de prevención al respecto.
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