En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis crítico del paradigma de la educación multicultural y de su fracaso a la hora de reducir las severas diferencias que caracterizan el rendimiento estudiantil en los Estados Unidos, defendiendo una praxis que extienda la igualdad en el aprendizaje y en otras áreas del desarrollo. Argumentamos que para desmantelar la desigualdad entre grupos se requiere una reforma sistemática de las estructuras y políticas que en la actualidad perpetúan la correlación entre la historia étnico-cultural y económica de los niños y su rendimiento escolar, y desde un marco teórico histórico cultural apuntamos de qué manera se puede alcanzar una mejor comprensión de los múltiples y complejos factores que hay detrás del bajo rendimiento y, además, contrarrestarlos de forma que se pueda comenzar a invertir las tasas de fracaso escolar para los estudiantes estadounidenses de minorías étnicas, en particular los que no dominan el inglés.
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