Se investiga el impacto de los valores personales, la identidad comparativa (europea vs. nacional) y las representaciones sociales de la nación sobre las actitudes xenófobas de los jóvenes mediante encuestas a muestras representativas de la población de 18–24 años en cuatro países europeos (N total = 1904). Se muestra que la representación étnica (vs. cívica) de la nación modula la relación de las identidades sociales con la xenofobia.
La investigación previa ha establecido que los valores universalistas y las identidades supranacionales inhiben la xenofobia pero Licata y Klein (2002) sostienen que la identidad europea puede reforzarla. Un análisis trans-cultural mediante ecuaciones estructurales revela que los valores de Conservación, la identidad nacional, y la representación étnica de la nación refuerzan la xenofobia, mientras que los valores universalistas y la identidad europea la debilitan. Finalmente, la representación étnica de la nación predice la xenofobia mejor que las identidades sociales.
La identidad comparativa demuestra su utilidad para estudiar las identidades sociales anidadas. Se discuten las implicaciones para la identidad y la construcción europea.
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