Este trabajo se plantea como primer objetivo analizar la forma en que los trabajadores definen y delimitan el abuso psicológico en el lugar de trabajo. Y en segundo lugar analizar la incidencia del mobbing en dicha muestra de trabajadores. A través de un cuestionario auto-administrado elaborado por los autores para esta investigación, se pidió a los participantes (trabajadores en activo) a través de una pregunta abierta que expresaran qué entienden por mobbing. Además, se les pidió que juzgaran el grado de proximidad o experiencia con dicho fenómeno. Los trabajadores participantes en el estudio han descrito el mobbing apelando a los factores psicológicos y psicosociales, en detrimento de los aspectos físicos y sexuales. Además, la incidencia hallada del 10% se aprecia muy similar a la encontrada por diversos estudios de diferentes países europeos. Esta investigación ha profundizado en las percepciones de los trabajadores acerca de lo que entienden por mobbing, procurando contribuir de este modo a una mejor delimitación y evaluación del abuso psicológico en el lugar de trabajo.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AquinoK.BradfieldM. (2000). Perceived victimization in the workplace: The role of situational factors and victim characteristics. Organization Science, 11, 525–537.
2.
AshforthB. (1994). Petty Tyranny in organizations. Human Relations, 47, 755–778.
3.
BaronR.NeumanJ. (1996). Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence on their relative frequency and potencial causes. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 161–173.
BjorkqvistK.OstermanK.Hjelt-BackM. (1994). Aggression among university employees. Aggressive Behavior, 20, 173–184.
6.
BrodskyC. M. (1976). The Harassed Worker.Lexington, MA: D.C. Hearth.
7.
CortinaL. M.MagleyV. J.WilliamsJ. H.LanghoutR. D. (2001). Incivility in the workplace: Incidence and impact. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6 (1), 64–80.
8.
CoyneI.Smith-LeeP. C.SeigneE.RandallP. (2003). Self and peer nominations of bullying: an analysis of incident rates, individual differences, and perceptions of the working environment. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12 (3), 209–228.
9.
CrawfordN. (1999). Conundrums and confusion in organizations. The etimology of the word “Bully”. International Journal of Manpower, 20, 86–93.
10.
De ElenaPeñaJ. (2005). Los problemas de denominación en el estudio del mobbing. Encuentros en Psicologia Social, 4, 699–705.
11.
Dl MartinoV.HoelH.CooperC. (2003). Prevention of violence and harassment in the workplace.Dublín: European fundation for the improvement of living and working conditions.
12.
EinarsenS. (1999). The nature and causes of bullying at work. International journal of Manpower, 20 (1/2), 16–27.
13.
EinarsenS. (2000). Harassment and bullying at work: A review of the Scandinavian approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior: A Review journal, 4, 371–401.
14.
EinarsenS.HoelH.ZapfD.CooperC. (Eds.) (2003). The Concept of Bullying at work. The European Tradition. En Bullying and Emocional Abuse in the Workplace: Internacional Perspectives in research and practice. Londres/Nueva York: Taylor & Francis.
15.
EinarsenS.RaknesB. I. (1997). Harassment at work and the victimization of men. Violence and Victims, 12, 247–263.
16.
EinarsenS.SkogstadA. (1996). Bullying at work: Epidemiological findings in public and private organizations. European journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5 (2), 185–201.
17.
EinarsenS.RaknesB. I.MathiesenS. M. (1994). Bullying and harassment at work and their relations to work environment quality. An exploratory study. The European Work and Organizacional Psychology, 4, 381–401.
18.
EUROPEAN FOUNDATION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF LIVING AND WORKING CONDITIONS. (2001). Third European Survey on Working Conditions in the European Union (2000). (Publication N&o;. 92-897-0130-7). Luxemburg: Office for the Official Publications of the European Communities: Paoli, P. y Merllie, D.
19.
FendrichM.WoodwardP.RichmanJ. A. (2002). The structure of Harassment and abuse in the workplace: a factorial comparison of two measures. Violence and Victims, 17 (4), 491–505.
20.
GandolfoR. (1995). MMPI-2 profiles of worker's compensations claimants who present with complaints of harassment. Journal of clinical psychology, 51, 711–715.
21.
HansenA.M.HoghA.PerssonR.KarlsonB.GardeA. H.OrbaekP. (2006). Bullying at work, health outcomes, and physiological stress response. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60 (1), 63–72.
22.
HoelH.EinarsenS.CooperC. L. (2003). Organizational effects of bullying. EnEinarsenS.HoelH.ZapfD.L CooperC. (Eds), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace. International perspectives in research and practice (pp. 145–161). Londres & Nueva York: Taylor & Francis.
23.
HoelH.CooperC. L.FaragherB. (2001). The experience of bullying in Great Britain: The impact of organizational status. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10 (4), 443–465.
24.
HoelH.RaynerC.CooperC. L. (1999). Workplace bullying. EnCooperC. L.RobertsonI. T. (Eds), International review of industrial and organizational psychology, 14, 195–230. Chichester: Wiley.
25.
HubertA. B.VeldhovenVA.. (2001). Risk sectors for undesired behavior and mobbing. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10, 415–424.
26.
KeashlyL.HarveyS. (2005). Emotional abuse at work. EnSpectorP.FoxS. (Eds), Counterproductive workplace behavior; an integration of both actor and recipient perspectives on causes and consequences (pp. 201–236). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
27.
LewisD. (2001). Perceptions of bullying in organizations. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 2, 1, 48–63.
28.
LeymannH. (1990). Mobbing and psychological terror at workplaces. Violence and Victims, 5, 119–126.
29.
LeymannH. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5 (2), 165–184
30.
MeliáJ. L. (2006). The Best Psychosocial Correlates of Mobbing (bullying) at Work. IV Congreso Internacional de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales. Sevilla.
31.
De TrabajoMINISTERIOAsuntos SocialesMTAS (2004). V Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo.Madrid: Almodóvar, A. (Coord.).
32.
NeumanJ. H.BaronR. A. (1998). Workplace violence and workplace aggression: Evidence concerning specific forms, potential causes, and preferred targets. Journal of Management, 24, 391–419.
33.
NiedlK. (1996). Mobbing and well-being: Economic and Personnnel Development Implications. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5, 2, 239–250.
34.
OlweusD. (1994). Bullying at school—basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 1171–1190.
35.
O'mooreM. (2000). Summary report on the national survey on workplace bullying in Ireland.Dublín: The Anti-Bullying Resarch Centre, Trinity College.
36.
PlñuelI.OñateA. C. (2004). Los riesgos psicosocials en la administración: la incidencia del mobbing y el burnout en la AEAT y la IGAE.Madrid: Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales.
37.
PiñuelYZabalaI. (2002). II inform Cisneros. Universidad Alcalá de Henares.
38.
RaynerC. (1997). The incidence of workplace bullying.Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 7 (3), 199–208.
39.
RaynerC.CooperC. (1997). Workplace Bullying: myth or reality-can we afford to ignore it?. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 18, 211–214.
40.
Rodríguez-carballeiraA.AlmendrosC.EscartínJ.PorrúaC.Martín-peñaJ.JavaloyF.CarroblesJ. A. (2005). Un estudio comparativo de las estrategias de abuso psicológico: en pareja, en el lugar de trabajo y en grupos manipulativos. Anuario de Psicología, 36 (3), 299–314.
41.
SalinD. (2003). Ways of explaining workplace bullying: a review of enabling, motivating and precipitating structures and processes in the work environment. Human Relations, 56 (10), 1213–1232.
42.
VartiaM. (1996). The sources of bullying-psychological work environment and organizational climate. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5, (2), 203–214.
43.
ZapfD. (1999). Organizational, work group related and personal causes of mobbing/bullying at work. International Journal of Manpower, 20 (1/2), 70–85.
44.
ZapfD.EinarsenS.HoelH.VartiaM. (2003). Empirical findings on bullying in the workplace. EnEinarsenS.HoelH.ZapfD.CooperC. L. (Eds.), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace. International perspectives in research and practice. (pp. 103–126). Londres & Nueva York: Taylor & Francis.
45.
ZapfD.GrossC. (2001). Conflict escalation and coping with workplace bullying: A replication and extension. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10 (4), 497–522.
46.
ZapfD.KnorfC.KullaM. (1996). On the relationships between mobbing factors, and job content, social work environment, and health outcomes. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5 (2), 215–237.
