Se presentan los resultados obtenidos por estudiantes de BUP y universitarios de Historia y Psicología en dos tareas de clasificación y razonamiento diagnóstico en las que se han utilizado los conceptos modales de verdad, posibilidad y necesidad. Se parte del supuesto de que la lógica modal puede resultar de utilidad para describir el razonamiento diagnóstico sobre información en la que aparecen dichos conceptos modales.
Los resultados muestran que, sobre este tipo de tareas, los estudiantes universitarios han obtenido una mejor ejecución que los de BUP; y los estudiantes de Psicología, mejor que los de Historia. En general, los sujetos han tendido a utilizar estrategias verificacionistas de sus hipótesis y a considerar la base de conocimientos que se les proporcionaba como completa en cuanto a la información que contenía. Esto, unido a las dificultades para manejar la información expresada de forma negativa, ha producido un cierto número de falacias lógicas y de conclusiones incorrectas, tales como problemas en el manejo de los condicionales, conclusiones imprudentes y poco conservadoras, etc. No obstante las deficiencias encontradas, se concluye que las lógicas modales pueden resultar de utilidad para describir y simular el razonamiento diagnóstico de los sujetos, especialmente si se les añaden algunas reglas funcionamiento por defecto.
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