The present case report highlights the diagnosis and modern surgical techniques involved when treating an aggressive benign bone tumour in a skeletally mature patient. It also stresses the importance of a broad differential when examining a patient. An increase in circulating growth hormones during pregnancy could play a role in the rapid growth of particular tumours. For example, certain transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptors have been identified in cells of aneurysmal bone cysts and a rat model has demonstrated that TGF-β isoforms are regulated differently in pregnancy, and also could have an important role in apoptosis and cell survival. The occurrence of aneurysmal bone cysts during pregnancy suggests a possible link between the pregnancy and tumour growth.
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