The deflection of various single-joint segmented piezoelectric actuators under the influence of an applied electric field is simulated in 2D. Two geometries are considered, both based on a simple cantilever beam configuration: Case 1 involves joining the individual actuators end-to-end while in Case 2, they are joined face-to-face. The effect of various ceramic-to-joint modulus ratios (y) on the maximum and tip displacements is investigated. In Case 1, it was determined that yplays a significant role in the overall curvature of the actuator but has very little effect on the tip displacement. Case 2 showed that a loweryresults in a larger average tip displacement while y? 5 causes severe distortions at the free end of the actuator.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Ballas, M. W. 1998. "The Joining of Ceramics and the Effect of Bonding on the Performance of Segmented Piezoelectric Actuators," MS thesis, Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
2.
Barron, B. W. and Haertling, G. H. 1997a. "Stress Effects in Cerambow Actuators," Stress-Enhanced Ferroelectric Materials and Structures, Final Report to the Office of Naval Research, Grant No. N00014-94-1-0563.
3.
Barron, B. W., Li, G. and Haertling, G. H. 1997b. "Voltage-Induced Displacement Properties of Cerambow Actuators," Stress-Enhanced Ferroelectric Materials and Structures, Final Report to the Office of Naval Research, Grant No. N00014-94-1-0563.
4.
Boucher, D. , Logier, M. and Maerfeld, C.1980. "Computation of the Vibrational Modes for Piezoelectric Array Transducers Using a Mixed Finite Element-Perturbation Method,"IEEE Transactions: Sonics and Ultrasonics, SU-28(5):318-330.
5.
Brei, D. E. 1996. "Basic Shear Response and Electric Field Effects," Progress Report (DARPA Smart Materials Program, Order No. D752): Supplementary Report #3, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
6.
Brooks, S. and Heyliger, P.1994. "Static Behavior of Piezoelectric Laminates with Distributed and Patched Actuators,"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 5(5):635-646.
7.
Bucklow, I. A. , Jackson, S. and Wallach, E. R.1998. "Explosion Welding of Ceramics,"Online, The Joining Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, UK, Available: http://rob7.msm.cam.ac.uk/ian.html.
8.
Carotenuto, R. et al. 1999. "A New Linear Piezoelectric Actuator for Low Voltage and Large Displacement Applications,"Sensors and Actuators, Part A: Physical, 72(3):262-268.
9.
Crawley, E. F. and Anderson, E. H.1990. "Detailed Models of Piezoelectric Actuation of Beams,"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 1:4-25.
10.
Crawley, E. F. and De Luis, J.1987. "Use of Piezoelectric Actuators as Elements of Intelligent Structures," AIAA Journal, 25(10): 1373-1385.
11.
De Faria , A. R. and De Almeida, S. F. M.1996. "Modeling of Actively Damped Beams with Piezoelectric Actuators with Finite Stiffness Bond,"Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 7(6):677-688.
12.
DeVoe, D. L. and Pisano, A. P.1997. "Modeling and Optimal Design of Piezoelectric Cantilever Microactuators,"Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 6(3):266-270.
13.
Ghosh, K. and Batra, R. C.1995. "Shape Control of Plates Using Piezoelectric Elements,"AlAA Journal, 33(7):1354-1357.
14.
Goldfarb, M. and Celanovic, N.1997. "Modeling Piezoelectric Stack Actuators for Control of Micromanipulation,"IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 17(3):69-79.
15.
Guy, K. B. and Jacobson, D. M.1989. "Joining to Ceramics in Electrical and Electronic Applications: Constraints and Criteria,"Designing Interfaces for Technological Applications, New York: Elsevier Science Publication Co., pp. 33-48.
16.
Haertling, G.1994. "Piezoelectric and Electrooptic Ceramics,"Ceramic Materials for Electronics: Processing, Properties, and Applications, 2nd Ed., New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.
17.
Jaffe, B. , Cook, W. R., and Jaffe, H.1971. Piezoelectric Ceramics, New York: Academic Press, Inc.
18.
Kagawa, Y. and Yamabuchi, T.1974. "Finite Element Simulation of Two-Dimensional Electromechanical Resonators,"IEEE Transactions: Sonics and Ultrasonics, SU-21(4): 275-283.
19.
Kim, C. et al. 1996. "Composite Piezoelectric Assemblies for Torsional Actuators," Progress Report (DARPA Smart Materials Program, Order No. D752), Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC.
20.
Kusakabe, C. et al. 1995. "Stepped Cantilever Piezoelectric Actuator Using Anisotropic Composite Material,"Japanese Journal ofApplied Physics, Part 1, 34(9B):5279-5283.
21.
Lalande, F. , Chaudry, Z. and Rogers, C. A.1995. "Modeling Considerations for In-Phase Actuation of Actuators Bonded to Shell Structures,"AIAA Journal, 33(7):1300-1304.
22.
Lerch, R.1990. "Simulation of Piezoelectric Devices by Twoand Three-Dimensional Finite Elements,"IEEE Transactions: Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 37(2):233-247.
23.
Messler, R. W.1993. Joining of Advanced Materials, Massachusetts: Butterworth-Heinemann Co.
24.
Moon, K. and Busch-Vishniac, J.1997."Modeling of Piezoelectric Ceramic Vibrators Including Thermal Effects. Part IV. Development and Experimental Evaluation of a Bond Graph Model of the Thickness Vibrator,"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 101(3): 1408-1429.
25.
Moulson, A. J. , and Herbert, J. M.1990. Electroceramics, London: Chapman and Hall.
Nicholas, M. G. , ed. 1990. Joining of Ceramics, New York: Chapman and Hall.
28.
Nicholas, M. G.1989. "Joining Structural Ceramics,"Designing Interfaces for Technological Applications, New York: Elsevier Science Publication Co., pp. 33-48.
29.
Nicholas, M.G. and Crispin, R. M.1987. "Proceedings of the Conference on Diffusion Bonding," edited by Pearce, R., Cranfield Institute of Technology, Cranfield, UK.
30.
Patankar, S. V. and Spalding, D. B.1972. "A Calculation Procedure for Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer in Three-Dimensional Parabolic Flows,"International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 15:1787-1806.
31.
Pearce, D. H. and Button, T. W.1998. "Multi-Phase Piezoelectric Structures Through Co-Extrusion,"Online, Functional Materials Group, University of Birmingham, UK, Available: http://metl2l.bham.ac.uk/Papers/PZT/coextrusion/multi.htm.
32.
Ray, M. C. , Rao, K. M. and Samanta, B.1991. "Exact Analysis of Coupled Electroelastic Behavior of a Piezoelectric Plate Under Cylindrical Bending,"Computers and Structures, 45:667-677.
33.
Rice, R. W.1975. "Joining of Ceramics,"Advances in Joining Technology, edited by Burke et al., Massachusetts: Brook Hill Publishing Co., pp. 97-98.
34.
Spangler, R. L. 1989. "Piezoelectric Actuators for Helicopter Rotor Control," MS thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA.
35.
Tanaka, K. , Takata, E. and Ohwada, K.1998. "Anodic Bonding of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics to Silicon with Intermediate Glass Layer,"Sensors and Actuators, 69(2):199-203.
36.
Udo, R. and Kohno, A.1995. "Low-Temperature Bonding Technology on Piezoelectric Ceramics and Metals,"Journal of Materials Science Letters, 14(22):1607-1609.
