Dew retted hackled long flax was treated with propyltrimethoxysilane, phenylisocyanate, and maleic acid anhydride modified polypropylene (MAA-PP). The wetting parameters of the untreated and treated flax fibers were obtained with dynamic contact angle measurements. The results showed that the treated flax fibers are less polar than the untreated flax fiber. The interfacial adhesion between the flax fibers and poly-propylene, respectively, maleic acid anhydride modified polypropylene, was studied with fiber pull-out tests. The highest increase in apparent shear stress was obtained by treatment of the flax fiber with MAA-PP.
1. Karmaker, A.C. and Schneider, J.P., 1996, J. Mater. Sci. Letters, 15:201-202.
2.
2. Mieck, K.-P., Nechwatal, A. and Knobelsdorf, C., 1995. Angew. Macromol. Chem., 224:73.
3.
3. Mieck, K.-P., Nechwatal, A. and Knobelsdorf, C., 1995. Angew. Macromol. Chem., 225:37.
4.
4. Felix, J. and Gatenholm, P., 1991, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 42:609-620.
5.
5. Gassan, J. and Bledzki, A.K., 1997, Composites, Part A, 28A:1001.
6.
6. Han, G.-S., Saka, S. and Shiraisa, N., 1991, Mokuzai Gakkaishi, 3:241.
7.
7. Gatenholm, P., Felix, J., Klason, C. and Kubat, J., 1992, Contemporary Topics in Polymer Science, Vol. 7, eds. Salamone, J.C. and Riffle, J., Plenum Press, New York.
8.
8. Sanadi, A.R., Caulfield, D.F. and Jacobson, R.E., 1996, Paper and Composites from Agro-Based Resources, eds. Rowell, R.M., Young, R.A. and Rowell, J.K., Lewis Publishers, 385.
9.
9. Neilsen, L.E., 1974, Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Composites, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
11. Mildner, I. and Bledzki, A.K., 1999. Angew. Makromol. Chem., 272:27-33.
12.
12. Quillin, D.T., Caulfield, D.F. and Koutsky, J.A., 1993, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 50:1187.
13.
13. Duvall, J., Selliti, C., Meyers, C., Hiltner, A. and Bare, E., 1994, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 52:207.
14.
14. Felix, J.M., Gatenholm, P. and Schreiber, H.P., 1993, Polym. Comp., 14(6):449-457.
15.
15. Gliesche, K. and Mäder, E., 1995, Techtextil Symposium, 317.
16.
16. Bataille, P., Ricard, L. and Sapieha, S., 1989, Polym. Comp., 10:2.
17.
17. Paukszta, D., Garbarczyk, J. and Koslowski, R., 1995, Techtextil Symposium.
18.
18. Mieck, K.-P., Nechwatal, A. and Knobelsdorf, C., 1994, Quo Vadis Flachs 5, Reutlinger Flachssymposium, 1-16.
19.
19. Gassan, J. and Bledzki, A.K., 1996, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 236:129-138.
20.
20. Westerlind, B.S. and Berg, J.C.1988. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 36:523-534.
21.
21. Kohler, R. and Wedler, M., 1994, Techtextil Symposium, 331.
22.
22. Stamboulis, A., Baillie, C. and Schulz, E., 1999, 2nd International Wood and Natural Fiber Composites Symposium, Kassel, June 28-29, 1999, Lecture 10:1-8.
23.
23. George, J., Van De Weyenberg, I., Ivens, J. and Verpoest, I., 1999, 2nd International Wood and Natural Fiber Composites Symposium, Kassel, June 28-29, 1999, Lecture 17:1-12.
24.
24. Van De Velde, K. and Kiekens, P.,1999, 2nd International Wood and Natural Fiber Composites Symposium, Kassel, June 28-29, 1999, Lecture 7:1-12.
25.
25. Van de Velde, K. and Kiekens, P., 1999, Agnew. Macromol. Chemie, 272:87.
26.
26. Kelly, A. and Tyson, W.R., 1965, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 12:329.
27.
27. Marotzke, C. and Qiao, L., 1997, Composites Science and Technology, 57:887-897.
28.
28. Snijder, M.H.B. and Bos, H.L., 1999, Fifth International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites, Madison, 123-129.
29.
29. Gassan, J. and Bledzki, A.K., 1999, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 12:388-398.
30.
30. Karmaker, A. and Schneider, J., 1996, J. Mater. Sci. Letters, 15:201.
31.
31. Avella, M., Bozzi, C., dell’Ebra, R., Focher, B., Marzetti, A. and Martuscelli, E., 1995, Angew Macromol. Chem., 233:149.
32.
32. Briggs, D., Hearn, M.J., Hodge, D.J., Middlemiss, B. and Peacock, J.A. 1996, The R&D Solution to Surface Wettability Analysis, A Primer on Dynamic Contact Angle Technology, Seminar Thermal Analysis. Ankersmit-Cahn, Groot-Bijgaarden, December 4, 1996.
33.
33. Drzal, L.T., Mescher, J.A. and Hall, D.T., 1979, Carbon, 17:375.
34.
34. Bascom, W.D., 1992, Modern Approaches to Wettability: Theory and Applications, eds. Schrader, M.E. and Loeb, G., Plenum Press, New York, 366.
35.
35. Miller, B., 1977, Surface Characteristics of Fibers and Textiles, Part II, ed. Schick, M.J., Marcel Dekker, Inc.
36.
36. Gassan, J., Bledzki, A. and Gutowski, V., 1998, Materialprufung, 40:3:93-97.
37.
37. Kaelble, D.H. and Dynes, D.J., 1974, Journal of Adhesion, 6:195.
38.
38. Chang, H.W., Smith, R.P. and Li, S.K., 1985. Molecular Characterization of Composite Interfaces, ed. Ishida, H. and Kumar, G., Plenum Press, New York and London, 413-421.
