Robotic-Assisted Cryosurgical Treatment of Atrioventricular Node Reentrant Tachycardia

Abstract

Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardias typically arise from the existence of variable refractoriness in fast and slow conduction pathways within the triangle of Koch, which provide input to the atrioventricular node. Standard therapy includes medical management and catheter-based ablation procedures. Robotic-assisted, minimally invasive cryosurgical modification of the atrioventricular node can provide definitive therapy for patients who fail traditional therapy. A 65-year-old man presented with a several-year history of recurrent atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. Despite medical management and attempted percutaneous ablation, the patient remained symptomatic with weekly episodes. Access was via a 4-cm right anterolateral thoracotomy and peripheral perfusion. The da Vinci S robotic system was used to manipulate the cryoprobe (CryoMaze Probe; ATS Medical, Plymouth, MN USA). A series of spot freezes (tip 60°C) were made along the boundaries of the triangle of Koch until transient complete heart block was achieved and nodal rhythm was recovered. At follow-up 3 weeks postoperatively, the patient was asymptomatic in first-degree heart block. Robotic-assisted cryosurgical atrioventricular node ablation is an effective, minimally invasive treatment for patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.