Supplemental digital content is available in the text.
This article will review the pharmacology used for patients with gender dysphoria who wish to use puberty blockers or cross-sex hormonal support. Dosages, proper usage, adverse effects, and monitoring parameters for each treatment period are described.
AbramowitzJ. (2019). Hormone therapy in children and adolescents. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 48, 33–339.
2.
AbramowitzJ., & TangprichaV. (2018). Hormonal management for transfeminine individuals. Clinics in Plastic Surgery, 45, 313–317.
3.
AntoniazziF., ZamboniG., BertoldoF., LauriolaS., MengardaF., PietrobelliA., & TatòL. (2003). Bone mass at final height in precocious puberty after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist with and without calcium supplementation. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 88(3), 1096–1101.
4.
Bangalore KrishnaK., FuquaJ. S., RogolA. D., KleinK. O., PopovicJ., HoukC. P., … Medina BravoP. G. (2019). Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs in children: Update by an international consortium. Hormone Research in Pædiatrics, 91, 357–372.
5.
ColemanE., BocktingW., & BozerM.,
. (2012). Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people, version 7. Int J Transgender, 13, 165–232.
6.
GoorenL. (2005). Hormone treatment of the adult transsexual patient. Hormone Research, 64(Suppl. 2), 31–36.
7.
HembreeW. C., Cohen-KettenisP. T., GoorenL., HannemaS. E., MeyerW. J., MuradM. H., … T'SjoenG. G. (2017). Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 102(11), 3869–3903.
8.
MeriggiolaM. C., & GavaG. (2015a). Endocrine care of transpeople part I. A review of cross-sex hormonal treatments, outcomes and adverse effects in transmen. Clinical Endocrinology, 83(5), 597–606.
9.
MeriggiolaM. C., & GavaG. (2015b). Endocrine care of transpeople part II. A review of cross-sex hormonal treatments, outcomes and adverse effects in transwomen. Clinical Endocrinology, 83(5), 607–615.
10.
StreedC. G.Jr., HarfouchO., MarvelF., BlumenthalR. S., MartinS. S., & MukherjeeM. (2017). Cardiovascular disease among transgender adults receiving hormone therapy: A narrative review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 167(4), 256–267.
11.
VlotM. C., KlinkD. T., den HeijerM., BlankensteinM. A., RotteveelJ., & HeijboerA. C. (2017). Effect of pubertal suppression and cross-sex hormone therapy on bone turnover markers and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) in transgender adolescents. Bone, 95, 11–19.
12.
WiepjesC. M., NotaN. M., de BlokC. J. M., KlaverM., de VriesA. L. C., Wensing-KrugerS. A., … den HeijerM. (2018). The Amsterdam cohort of gender dysphoria study (1972–2015): Trends in prevalence, treatment, and regrets. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 15(4), 582–590.
