Lidocaine Allergy: Do Positive Patch Results Restrict Future Use?

Abstract

Background

Adverse reactions from lidocaine are commonly reported. When allergy is suspected, patients may be referred for specific skin testing to confirm the association of their clinical findings.

Objective

We aimed to investigate 13 cases of suspected lidocaine allergy to analyze if positive patch results restricted future use as an injectable local anesthetic.

Methods

A prospective study was conducted from March 2013 to September 2014 at 2 academic hospital-based patch test clinics in Toronto. Patients were tested to the North American Contact Dermatitis Group standard series (Smart Practice, Phoenix, AZ) and, if suspicion for lidocaine allergy was high, a local anesthetic series (Chemotechnique Diagnostics, Malmö, Sweden) was added. Intradermal skin testing to local anesthetics below irritant concentrations was subsequently conducted in lidocaine-positive patients. If negative, a subcutaneous challenge with 1% lidocaine was done.

Results

Thirteen of 756 patients patch tested were positive to lidocaine. Seven patients had relevant reactions to over-the-counter products containing lidocaine, 2 reacted to subcutaneous lidocaine, and 4 had incidental findings. There were no patients with positive results to intradermal testing. Three patients had delayed reactions to the subcutaneous challenge.

Conclusions

Patients with positive patch tests to lidocaine and negative results to intradermal testing and subcutaneous challenge may be safe to use lidocaine as an injectable local anesthetic in the future.