Abstract
Subject Index
quantification of cerebral A1 adenosine receptors in humans using [18F]CPFPX and PET, 323
Absence seizures
dynamic fMRI and EEG recordings during spike-wave seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in WAG/Rij rats, 589
relative changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in local microdomains during generalized seizures, 1057
Acetazolamide
identification of hemodynamic compromise by cerebrovascular reserve and oxygen extraction fraction in occlusive vascular disease, 1081
Acetylcholine
degeneration of the basalocortical pathway from the cortex induces a functional increase in galaninergic markers in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat, 1255
Acetylcholinesterase
evaluation of simplified kinetic analyses for measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase activity using N-[11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate and positron emission tomography, 600
Acidosis
impaired vascular reactivity of isolated rat middle cerebral artery after cortical spreading depression in vivo, 526
Activation flow coupling
coupling of changes in cerebral blood flow with neural activity: what must initially dip must come back up, 1
spatiotemporal quantification of cerebral blood flow during functional activation in rat somatosensory cortex using laser-speckle flowmetry, 518
Acute ischemic stroke
the neurotoxicity of tissue plasminogen activator?, 945
Acute liver failure
the effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 798
Acute-phase reaction
human C-reactive protein increases cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, 1214
Adenosine
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker attenuate the tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 771
Adenosine A1 receptor
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker attenuate the tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 771
pharmacological manipulations of ATP-dependent potassium channels and adenosine A1 receptors do not impact hippocampal ischemic preconditioning in vivo: evidence in a highly quantitative gerbil model, 556
Adenosine receptors
epsilon protein kinase C mediated ischemic tolerance requires activation of the extracellular regulated kinase pathway in the organotypic hippocampal slice, 636
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupled protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex: methodological optimization and comparison of expression with brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, 780
synaptic P2X7 and oxygen/glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures, 392
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent potassium channel
pharmacological manipulations of ATP-dependent potassium channels and adenosine A1 receptors do not impact hippocampal ischemic preconditioning in vivo: evidence in a highly quantitative gerbil model, 556
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker attenuate the tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 771
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthetase
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
Adenovirus
anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy protects against focal brain ischemia in hypertensive rats, 1359
postischemic intraventricular administration of FGF-2 expressing adenoviral vectors improves neurologic outcome and reduces infarct volume after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 1205
Aging
spontaneous low-frequency oscillations decline in the aging brain, 1183
Akt
the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide governs neuronal survival during oxidative stress through protein kinase B coupled to FOXO3a and mitochondrial membrane potential, 728
up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contributes to ischemic tolerance in the CA1 subfield of gerbil hippocampus, 271
[18F]Altanserin-5HT2A binding
[18F]altanserin binding to human 5HT2A receptors is unaltered after citalopram and pindolol challenge, 1037
Alzheimer's disease
Aβ-induced vascular oxidative stress and attenuation of functional hyperemia in mouse somatosensory cortex, 334
degeneration of the basalocortical pathway from the cortex induces a functional increase in galaninergic markers in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat, 1255
olfactory response in the temporal cortex of the elderly measured with near-infrared spectroscopy: a preliminary feasibility study, 677
AMPA receptor potentiator
the AMPA receptor potentiator LY404187 increases cerebral glucose utilization and c-fos expression in the rat, 1098
Anandamide
the “dark side” of endocannabinoids: a neurotoxic role for anandamide, 564
Anatomy
retinal discoloration test, 305
Angiogenesis
massive inborn angiogenesis in the brain scarcely raises cerebral blood flow, 849
neuroprotection of ischemic brain by vascular endothelial growth factor is critically dependent on proper dosage and may be compromised by angiogenesis, 693
retroviral delivery of homeobox D3 gene induces cerebral angiogenesis in mice, 1280
vascular endothelial growth factor induces abnormal microvasculature in the endoglin heterozygous mouse brain, 237
Angiotensin II
the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan increases cerebral blood flow, reduces infarct size, and improves neurologic outcome after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, 467
Anoxia
anoxia tolerant brains, 475
epsilon protein kinase C mediated ischemic tolerance requires activation of the extracellular regulated kinase pathway in the organotypic hippocampal slice, 636
the upregulation of cognate and inducible heat shock proteins in the anoxic turtle brain, 826
Anti-transferrin receptor antibody
targeting anti-transferrin receptor antibody (OX26) and OX26-conjugated liposomes to brain capillary endothelial cells using in situ perfusion, 1193
Anxiety
cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation increases anxiety-like behavior and decreases social interaction, 372
Apaf-1
the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide governs neuronal survival during oxidative stress through protein kinase B coupled to FOXO3a and mitochondrial membrane potential, 728
Apolipoprotein E
augmented delayed infarct expansion and reactive astrocytosis after permanent focal ischemia in apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice, 646
Apoptosis
activation of proinflammatory caspases by cathepsin B in focal cerebral ischemia, 1272
amelioration of hippocampal neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice, 107
Bcl-2 transfection via herpes simplex virus blocks apoptosis-inducing factor translocation after focal ischemia in the rat, 681
caspase inhibition after neonatal ischemia in the rat brain, 124
caspase inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk attenuates calpain and necrotic cell death in vitro and after traumatic brain injury, 1119
caspase inhibitors prevent endothelial apoptosis and cerebral vasospasm in dog model of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 419
cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: the pathophysiologic concept as a basis for clinical therapy, 351
global gene expression in the immature brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1317
mechanisms of erythropoietin-induced brain protection in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model, 259
nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor after focal cerebral ischemia, 458
pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma: similarities and differences, 133
restriction-mediated differential display (RMDD) identifies pip92 as a pro-apoptotic gene product induced during focal cerebral ischemia, 224
sustained blockade of brain AT1 receptors before and after focal cerebral ischemia alleviates neurologic deficits and reduces neuronal injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in the rat, 536
Apoptosis-inducing factor
Bcl-2 transfection via herpes simplex virus blocks apoptosis-inducing factor translocation after focal ischemia in the rat, 681
nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor after focal cerebral ischemia, 458
Arousal
task repetition can affect functional magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of language lateralization and lead to pseudoincreases in bilaterality, 179
Arteriovenous kinetics
modeling cerebral arteriovenous lactate kinetics after intravenous lactate infusion in the rat, 1071
Astrocyte
augmented delayed infarct expansion and reactive astrocytosis after permanent focal ischemia in apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice, 646
dependency of cortical functional hyperemia to forepaw stimulation on epoxygenase and nitric oxide synthase activities in rats, 509
the role of hypotheses in current research, illustrated by hypotheses on the possible role of astrocytes in energy metabolism and cerebral blood flow: from Newton to now, 1235
selective uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by neurons and astrocytes: high-resolution microautoradiographic imaging by cellular 14C-trajectography combined with immunohistochemistry, 1004
Astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle
the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle: a challenge of a challenge, 1241
the role of hypotheses in current research, illustrated by hypotheses on the possible role of astrocytes in energy metabolism and cerebral blood flow: from Newton to now, 1235
Astrocytic energy metabolism
effect of astrocytic energy metabolism depressant on 14C-acetate uptake in intact rat brain, 188
Astrocytosis
augmented delayed infarct expansion and reactive astrocytosis after permanent focal ischemia in apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice, 646
Astroglia
fluorometric determination of glucose utilization in neurons in vitro and in vivo, 993
AT1 receptor
the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan increases cerebral blood flow, reduces infarct size, and improves neurologic outcome after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, 467
sustained blockade of brain AT1 receptors before and after focal cerebral ischemia alleviates neurologic deficits and reduces neuronal injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in the rat, 536
Attention
task repetition can affect functional magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of language lateralization and lead to pseudoincreases in bilaterality, 179
Autoradiography
the AMPA receptor potentiator LY404187 increases cerebral glucose utilization and c-fos expression in the rat, 1098
Aβ-induced vascular oxidative stress and attenuation of functional hyperemia in mouse somatosensory cortex, 334
in vivo measurement of glucose utilization in rats using a β-microprobe: direct comparison with autoradiography, 1015
relationship between flow-metabolism uncoupling and evolving axonal injury after experimental traumatic brain injury, 1025
Autoregulation
changes in cerebral blood flow during cerebrospinal fluid pressure manipulation in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus: a methodological study, 579
the effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 798
laser speckle flowmetry for the study of cerebrovascular physiology in normal and ischemic mouse cortex, 744
Axonal injury
relationship between flow-metabolism uncoupling and evolving axonal injury after experimental traumatic brain injury, 1025
outcome of acutely ischemic brain tissue in prolonged middle cerebral artery occlusion: a serial positron emission tomography investigation in the baboon, 495
Balloon model
a model of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and volume changes during brain activation, 1382
Barrel cortex
negative functional response to sensory stimulation and its origins, 703
relative changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in local microdomains during generalized seizures, 1057
Basalocortical pathway degeneration
degeneration of the basalocortical pathway from the cortex induces a functional increase in galaninergic markers in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat, 1255
Bcl-2 transfection
Bcl-2 transfection via herpes simplex virus blocks apoptosis-inducing factor translocation after focal ischemia in the rat, 681
Behavior
intracerebral hemorrhage in mice: model characterization and application for genetically modified mice, 487
progesterone enhances functional recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion in male mice, 805
Behavioral assessment
a new primate model of focal stroke: endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in the common marmoset, 24
β-Microprobe
in vivo measurement of glucose utilization in rats using a β-microprobe: direct comparison with autoradiography, 1015
Bicuculline
dynamic fMRI and EEG recordings during spike-wave seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in WAG/Rij rats, 589
Bilaterality
task repetition can affect functional magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of language lateralization and lead to pseudoincreases in bilaterality, 179
Bio-Plex
multiplexed cytokine protein expression profiles from spreading depression in hippocampal organotypic cultures, 829
Biochemical imaging
characterization of a novel chronic photothrombotic ring stroke model in rats by magnetic resonance imaging, biochemical imaging, and histology, 789
Biomarker
accumulation of calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic fragments of brain-derived αII-spectrin in cerebral spinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, 98
Biomechanical model
a model of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and volume changes during brain activation, 1382
Blood-brain barrier
bumetanide inhibition of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter reduces edema formation in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke, 1046
the chemokine fractalkine in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and a mouse model of closed head injury, 1110
induction of caspase-mediated cell death by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation, 720
massive inborn angiogenesis in the brain scarcely raises cerebral blood flow, 849
MMP-9 deficiency enhances collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage and brain injury in mutant mice, 1133
regulation of the profile of iron-management proteins in brain microvasculature, 67
signaling pathways for early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 916
targeting anti-transferrin receptor antibody (OX26) and OX26-conjugated liposomes to brain capillary endothelial cells using in situ perfusion, 1193
Blood-CSF barrier
interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 on prostaglandin D synthase production in cultivated rat leptomeningeal cells, 409
Blood flow
brain function early after stroke in relation to subsequent recovery, 756
comparison of glucose influx and blood flow in retina and brain of diabetic rats, 449
dynamic fMRI and EEG recordings during spike-wave seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in WAG/Rij rats, 589
the effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 798
impaired neurovascular coupling by transhemispheric diaschisis in rat cerebral cortex, 713
a model of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and volume changes during brain activation, 1382
relationship between flow-metabolism uncoupling and evolving axonal injury after experimental traumatic brain injury, 1025
relative changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in local microdomains during generalized seizures, 1057
Blood oxygenation level
dynamic fMRI and EEG recordings during spike-wave seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in WAG/Rij rats, 589
sustained poststimulus elevation in cerebral oxygen utilization after vascular recovery, 764
Blood-to-endothelium transport
targeting anti-transferrin receptor antibody (OX26) and OX26-conjugated liposomes to brain capillary endothelial cells using in situ perfusion, 1193
Blood volume
dynamic imaging of perfusion and oxygenation by functional magnetic resonance imaging, 1369
a model of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and volume changes during brain activation, 1382
Brain activity
evaluation of simplified kinetic analyses for measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase activity using N-[11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate and positron emission tomography, 600
Brain capillary endothelial cells
targeting anti-transferrin receptor antibody (OX26) and OX26-conjugated liposomes to brain capillary endothelial cells using in situ perfusion, 1193
Brain circulation
solid or gaseous circulating brain emboli: are they separable by transcranial ultrasound?, 860
Brain cooling
hypothermic protection in rat focal ischemia models: strain differences and relevance to “reperfusion injury,” 42
Brain dopamine receptor
in vivo binding behavior of dopamine receptor agonist (+)-PD128907 and implications for the “ceiling effect” in endogenous competition studies with [11C]raclopride—a positron emission tomography study in Macaca mulatta, 531
Brain edema
celecoxib induces functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage with reduction of brain edema and perihematomal cell death, 926
intracerebral hemorrhage in mice: model characterization and application for genetically modified mice, 487
MMP-9 deficiency enhances collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage and brain injury in mutant mice, 1133
Brain injury
caspase inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk attenuates calpain and necrotic cell death in vitro and after traumatic brain injury, 1119
changes in TrkB-ERK1/2-CREB/Elk-1 pathways in hippocampal mossy fiber organization after traumatic brain injury, 934
the chemokine fractalkine in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and a mouse model of closed head injury, 1110
differential effects of 17β-estradiol upon stroke damage in stroke prone and normotensive rats, 298
mechanisms of erythropoietin-induced brain protection in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model, 259
MMP-9 deficiency enhances collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage and brain injury in mutant mice, 1133
relationship between flow-metabolism uncoupling and evolving axonal injury after experimental traumatic brain injury, 1025
signaling pathways for early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 916
window of opportunity of cerebral hypothermia for postischemic white matter injury in the near-term fetal sheep, 877
Brain ischemia
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
protein ubiquitination in postsynaptic densities after transient cerebral ischemia, 1219
Brain mapping
brain function early after stroke in relation to subsequent recovery, 756
Brain maturity
global gene expression in the immature brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1317
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
Brain metabolism
outcome of acutely ischemic brain tissue in prolonged middle cerebral artery occlusion: a serial positron emission tomography investigation in the baboon, 495
selective uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by neurons and astrocytes: high-resolution microautoradiographic imaging by cellular 14C-trajectography combined with immunohistochemistry, 1004
Brain microvasculature
regulation of the profile of iron-management proteins in brain microvasculature, 67
Brain trauma
defining ischemic burden after traumatic brain injury using 15O PET imaging of cerebral physiology, 191
pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma: similarities and differences, 133
Brown adipose tissue
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupled protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex: methodological optimization and comparison of expression with brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, 780
Bumetanide
bumetanide inhibition of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter reduces edema formation in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke, 1046
BzATP
synaptic P2X7 and oxygen/glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures, 392
14C-acetate uptake
effect of astrocytic energy metabolism depressant on 14C-acetate uptake in intact rat brain, 188
C57 BL/6 mice
a model of global cerebral ischemia in C57 BL/6 mice, 151
c-fos expression
the AMPA receptor potentiator LY404187 increases cerebral glucose utilization and c-fos expression in the rat, 1098
C-reactive protein
human C-reactive protein increases cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, 1214
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
protein kinase C-γ and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-α are persistently translocated to cell membranes of the rat brain during and after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 54
Calpain
accumulation of calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic fragments of brain-derived αII-spectrin in cerebral spinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, 98
caspase inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk attenuates calpain and necrotic cell death in vitro and after traumatic brain injury, 1119
Candesartan
the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan increases cerebral blood flow, reduces infarct size, and improves neurologic outcome after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, 467
Capillary
capillary flow and diameter changes during reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia studied by intravital video microscopy, 383
targeting anti-transferrin receptor antibody (OX26) and OX26-conjugated liposomes to brain capillary endothelial cells using in situ perfusion, 1193
Carassius
anoxia tolerant brains, 475
Carboxypeptidase E
altered biosynthesis of neuropeptide processing enzyme carboxypeptidase E after brain ischemia: molecular mechanism and implication, 612
Cardiac arrest
cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation increases anxiety-like behavior and decreases social interaction, 372
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation increases anxiety-like behavior and decreases social interaction, 372
Carotid artery occlusion
identification of hemodynamic compromise by cerebrovascular reserve and oxygen extraction fraction in occlusive vascular disease, 1081
Caspase
activation of proinflammatory caspases by cathepsin B in focal cerebral ischemia, 1272
caspase inhibition after neonatal ischemia in the rat brain, 124
caspase inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk attenuates calpain and necrotic cell death in vitro and after traumatic brain injury, 1119
induction of caspase-mediated cell death by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation, 720
nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor after focal cerebral ischemia, 458
Caspase-3
accumulation of calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic fragments of brain-derived αII-spectrin in cerebral spinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, 98
Caspase inhibitor
caspase inhibitors prevent endothelial apoptosis and cerebral vasospasm in dog model of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 419
Cathepsin B
activation of proinflammatory caspases by cathepsin B in focal cerebral ischemia, 1272
Ceiling effect
in vivo binding behavior of dopamine receptor agonist (+)-PD128907 and implications for the “ceiling effect” in endogenous competition studies with [11C]raclopride—a positron emission tomography study in Macaca mulatta, 531
Celecoxib
celecoxib induces functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage with reduction of brain edema and perihematomal cell death, 926
Cell adhesion molecules
the chemokine fractalkine in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and a mouse model of closed head injury, 1110
Cell death
activation of proinflammatory caspases by cathepsin B in focal cerebral ischemia, 1272
altered biosynthesis of neuropeptide processing enzyme carboxypeptidase E after brain ischemia: molecular mechanism and implication, 612
caspase inhibition after neonatal ischemia in the rat brain, 124
caspase inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk attenuates calpain and necrotic cell death in vitro and after traumatic brain injury, 1119
celecoxib induces functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage with reduction of brain edema and perihematomal cell death, 926
the “dark side” of endocannabinoids: a neurotoxic role for anandamide, 564
global gene expression in the immature brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1317
induction of caspase-mediated cell death by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation, 720
nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor after focal cerebral ischemia, 458
PAR-1 deficiency protects against neuronal damage and neurologic deficits after unilateral cerebral hypoxia/ischemia, 964
pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma: similarities and differences, 133
protein kinase C-γ and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-α are persistently translocated to cell membranes of the rat brain during and after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 54
Cell membrane potential
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
Cellular β-trajectography
selective uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by neurons and astrocytes: high-resolution microautoradiographic imaging by cellular 14C-trajectography combined with immunohistochemistry, 1004
Ceramide
glucosylceramide synthase activity and ceramide levels are modulated during cerebral ischemia after ischemic preconditioning, 623
Cerebellum
subthalamic nucleus stimulation restores glucose metabolism in associative and limbic cortices and in cerebellum: evidence from a FDG-PET study in advanced Parkinson's disease, 7
Cerebral arteries
the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol dilates large cerebral arteries in humans without affecting regional cerebral blood flow, 1352
Cerebral blood flow change
changes in cerebral blood flow during cerebrospinal fluid pressure manipulation in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus: a methodological study, 579
coupling of changes in cerebral blood flow with neural activity: what must initially dip must come back up, 1
normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral blood flow: a PET study of baseline values, 17
Cerebral blood volume
a model of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and volume changes during brain activation, 1382
Cerebral capillaries
capillary flow and diameter changes during reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia studied by intravital video microscopy, 383
Cerebral edema
bumetanide inhibition of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter reduces edema formation in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke, 1046
the effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 798
Cerebral hemorrhage
the neurotoxicity of tissue plasminogen activator?, 945
Cerebral hypothermia
window of opportunity of cerebral hypothermia for postischemic white matter injury in the near-term fetal sheep, 877
Cerebral infarction
cerebral hemodynamic reserve and early neurologic deterioration in acute ischemic stroke, 1267
human C-reactive protein increases cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, 1214
postischemic intraventricular administration of FGF-2 expressing adenoviral vectors improves neurologic outcome and reduces infarct volume after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 1205
Cerebral ischemia
activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats, 441
activation of proinflammatory caspases by cathepsin B in focal cerebral ischemia, 1272
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker attenuate the tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 771
altered biosynthesis of neuropeptide processing enzyme carboxypeptidase E after brain ischemia: molecular mechanism and implication, 612
the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan increases cerebral blood flow, reduces infarct size, and improves neurologic outcome after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, 467
anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy protects against focal brain ischemia in hypertensive rats, 1359
augmented delayed infarct expansion and reactive astrocytosis after permanent focal ischemia in apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice, 646
bumetanide inhibition of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter reduces edema formation in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke, 1046
capillary flow and diameter changes during reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia studied by intravital video microscopy, 383
cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: the pathophysiologic concept as a basis for clinical therapy, 351
defining ischemic burden after traumatic brain injury using 15O PET imaging of cerebral physiology, 191
degeneration of the basalocortical pathway from the cortex induces a functional increase in galaninergic markers in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat, 1255
glucosylceramide synthase activity and ceramide levels are modulated during cerebral ischemia after ischemic preconditioning, 623
identification of hemodynamic compromise by cerebrovascular reserve and oxygen extraction fraction in occlusive vascular disease, 1081
incidence and mechanisms of cerebral ischemia in early clinical head injury, 202
increased severity of cerebral ischemic injury in vascular endothelial growth factor-B-deficient mice, 1146
induction of caspase-mediated cell death by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation, 720
interstitial pO2 in ischemic penumbra and core are differentially affected following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 343
intracerebral hirudin injection attenuates ischemic damage and neurologic deficits without altering local cerebral blood flow, 159
laser speckle flowmetry for the study of cerebrovascular physiology in normal and ischemic mouse cortex, 744
leukocyte-endothelium interactions during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice, 668
the neurotoxicity of tissue plasminogen activator?, 945
nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor after focal cerebral ischemia, 458
outcome of acutely ischemic brain tissue in prolonged middle cerebral artery occlusion: a serial positron emission tomography investigation in the baboon, 495
PAR-1 deficiency protects against neuronal damage and neurologic deficits after unilateral cerebral hypoxia/ischemia, 964
platelet-leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, 907
post-ischemic administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) reduces infarct size and modified neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, 399
protein ubiquitination in postsynaptic densities after transient cerebral ischemia, 1219
restriction-mediated differential display (RMDD) identifies pip92 as a pro-apoptotic gene product induced during focal cerebral ischemia, 224
secondary energy failure after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat, 1090
sustained blockade of brain AT1 receptors before and after focal cerebral ischemia alleviates neurologic deficits and reduces neuronal injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in the rat, 536
transient focal ischemia affects the cAMP second messenger system and coupled dopamine D1 and 5-HT1A receptors in the living monkey brain: a positron emission tomography study using microdialysis, 898
translation-state analysis of gene expression in mouse brain after focal ischemia, 657
up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contributes to ischemic tolerance in the CA1 subfield of gerbil hippocampus, 271
Cerebral metabolic rate
simplified methods for calculating cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen based on 17O magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging measurement during a short 17O2 inhalation, 840
Cerebral oxygen metabolism
incidence and mechanisms of cerebral ischemia in early clinical head injury, 202
Cerebral palsy
neural stem cells in the subventricular zone are resilient to hypoxia/ischemia whereas progenitors are vulnerable, 814
Cerebral perfusion
the effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 798
Cerebral vasospasm
caspase inhibitors prevent endothelial apoptosis and cerebral vasospasm in dog model of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 419
endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms predict susceptibility to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm, 291
molecular profile of vascular ion channels after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 75
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
accumulation of calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic fragments of brain-derived αII-spectrin in cerebral spinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, 98
Cerebrospinal fluid pressure
changes in cerebral blood flow during cerebrospinal fluid pressure manipulation in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus: a methodological study, 579
Cerebrovascular accident
human C-reactive protein increases cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, 1214
Cerebrovascular physiology
laser speckle flowmetry for the study of cerebrovascular physiology in normal and ischemic mouse cortex, 744
Cerebrovascular reactivity
impaired vascular reactivity of isolated rat middle cerebral artery after cortical spreading depression in vivo, 526
Cerebrovascular regulation
Aβ-induced vascular oxidative stress and attenuation of functional hyperemia in mouse somatosensory cortex, 334
Cerebrovascular reserve
identification of hemodynamic compromise by cerebrovascular reserve and oxygen extraction fraction in occlusive vascular disease, 1081
Chemokines
the chemokine fractalkine in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and a mouse model of closed head injury, 1110
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
Cholinergic activity
evaluation of simplified kinetic analyses for measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase activity using N-[11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate and positron emission tomography, 600
Chrysemys
anoxia tolerant brains, 475
Cilostazol
the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol dilates large cerebral arteries in humans without affecting regional cerebral blood flow, 1352
Citalopram
[18F]altanserin binding to human 5HT2A receptors is unaltered after citalopram and pindolol challenge, 1037
Coagulation
MMP-9 deficiency enhances collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage and brain injury in mutant mice, 1133
Cobra venom
human C-reactive protein increases cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, 1214
Cognition
the AMPA receptor potentiator LY404187 increases cerebral glucose utilization and c-fos expression in the rat, 1098
the “dark side” of endocannabinoids: a neurotoxic role for anandamide, 564
Collagenase
MMP-9 deficiency enhances collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage and brain injury in mutant mice, 1133
Compensatory mechanism
changes of dopamine turnover in the progression of Parkinson's disease as measured by positron emission tomography: their relation to disease-compensatory mechanisms, 869
Complement
human C-reactive protein increases cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, 1214
intracerebral hemorrhage in mice: model characterization and application for genetically modified mice, 487
Cortex
comparison of glucose influx and blood flow in retina and brain of diabetic rats, 449
dependency of cortical functional hyperemia to forepaw stimulation on epoxygenase and nitric oxide synthase activities in rats, 509
impaired neurovascular coupling by transhemispheric diaschisis in rat cerebral cortex, 713
olfactory response in the temporal cortex of the elderly measured with near-infrared spectroscopy: a preliminary feasibility study, 677
Cortical contusion injury
relationship between flow-metabolism uncoupling and evolving axonal injury after experimental traumatic brain injury, 1025
Cortical spreading depression
impaired neurovascular coupling by transhemispheric diaschisis in rat cerebral cortex, 713
impaired vascular reactivity of isolated rat middle cerebral artery after cortical spreading depression in vivo, 526
induction of tolerance to focal ischemia in rat brain: dissociation between cortical lesioning and spreading depression, 1167
pronounced hypoperfusion during spreading depression in mouse cortex, 1172
Cotransport
bumetanide inhibition of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter reduces edema formation in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke, 1046
COX-2
amelioration of hippocampal neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice, 107
celecoxib induces functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage with reduction of brain edema and perihematomal cell death, 926
Crucian carp brain
anoxia tolerant brains, 475
Cytochrome c
Bcl-2 transfection via herpes simplex virus blocks apoptosis-inducing factor translocation after focal ischemia in the rat, 681
the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide governs neuronal survival during oxidative stress through protein kinase B coupled to FOXO3a and mitochondrial membrane potential, 728
Cytochrome P450
dependency of cortical functional hyperemia to forepaw stimulation on epoxygenase and nitric oxide synthase activities in rats, 509
Cytokines
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
inhibition of toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling—a unifying theme in ischemic tolerance, 1288
interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 on prostaglandin D synthase production in cultivated rat leptomeningeal cells, 409
multiplexed cytokine protein expression profiles from spreading depression in hippocampal organotypic cultures, 829
measuring the in vivo binding parameters of [18F]-fallypride in monkeys using a PET multiple injection protocol, 309
D2-like receptors
in vivo binding behavior of dopamine receptor agonist (+)-PD128907 and implications for the “ceiling effect” in endogenous competition studies with [11C]raclopride—a positron emission tomography study in Macaca mulatta, 531
DC potential
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
Deep brain stimulation
subthalamic nucleus stimulation restores glucose metabolism in associative and limbic cortices and in cerebellum: evidence from a FDG-PET study in advanced Parkinson's disease, 7
Delayed compliance
a model of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and volume changes during brain activation, 1382
Delayed hypoperfusion
capillary flow and diameter changes during reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia studied by intravital video microscopy, 383
Demyelination, postischemic
window of opportunity of cerebral hypothermia for postischemic white matter injury in the near-term fetal sheep, 877
Dentate gyrus
characterization of BrdU-positive neurons induced by transient global ischemia in adult hippocampus, 548
Dentate hilus
time course and cellular distribution of Hsp27 and Hsp72 stress protein expression in a quantitative gerbil model of ischemic injury and tolerance, 167
2-Deoxyglucose autoradiography
the AMPA receptor potentiator LY404187 increases cerebral glucose utilization and c-fos expression in the rat, 1098
fluorometric determination of glucose utilization in neurons in vitro and in vivo, 993
Deoxyhemoglobin
coupling of changes in cerebral blood flow with neural activity: what must initially dip must come back up, 1
Depolarization
induced hippocampal neuron protection in an optimized gerbil ischemia model: insult thresholds for tolerance induction and altered gene expression defined by ischemic depolarization, 84
Development
neural stem cells in the subventricular zone are resilient to hypoxia/ischemia whereas progenitors are vulnerable, 814
Diabetes
brain metabolic alterations in patients with type 1 diabetes-hyperglycemia-induced injury, 1393
comparison of glucose influx and blood flow in retina and brain of diabetic rats, 449
Differential display, restriction-mediated
restriction-mediated differential display (RMDD) identifies pip92 as a pro-apoptotic gene product induced during focal cerebral ischemia, 224
Diffusion-weighted imaging
does the acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesion represent penumbra as well as core? a combined quantitative PET/MRI voxel-based study, 1249
dynamic tracking of acute ischemic tissue fates using improved unsupervised ISODATA analysis of high-resolution quantitative perfusion and diffusion data, 887
effects of reperfusion on ADC and CBF pixel-by-pixel dynamics in stroke: characterizing tissue fates using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging, 290
Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)
regulation of the profile of iron-management proteins in brain microvasculature, 67
DNA microarrays
genome-wide gene expression analysis for induced ischemic tolerance and delayed neuronal death following transient global ischemia in rats, 212
translation-state analysis of gene expression in mouse brain after focal ischemia, 657
Dog model
caspase inhibitors prevent endothelial apoptosis and cerebral vasospasm in dog model of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 419
Dopamine
changes of dopamine turnover in the progression of Parkinson's disease as measured by positron emission tomography: their relation to disease-compensatory mechanisms, 869
in vivo binding behavior of dopamine receptor agonist (+)-PD128907 and implications for the “ceiling effect” in endogenous competition studies with [11C]raclopride—a positron emission tomography study in Macaca mulatta, 531
Dopamine D1 receptor
transient focal ischemia affects the cAMP second messenger system and coupled dopamine D1 and 5-HT1A receptors in the living monkey brain: a positron emission tomography study using microdialysis, 898
Dopaminergic system
changes of dopamine turnover in the progression of Parkinson's disease as measured by positron emission tomography: their relation to disease-compensatory mechanisms, 869
Doppler imaging
relative changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in local microdomains during generalized seizures, 1057
Dynamic modeling
a model of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and volume changes during brain activation, 1382
Elderly
olfactory response in the temporal cortex of the elderly measured with near-infrared spectroscopy: a preliminary feasibility study, 677
Electroencephalography
dynamic fMRI and EEG recordings during spike-wave seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in WAG/Rij rats, 589
Electron microscopy
protein ubiquitination in postsynaptic densities after transient cerebral ischemia, 1219
Electron paramagnetic resonance
interstitial pO2 in ischemic penumbra and core are differentially affected following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 343
Embolus
solid or gaseous circulating brain emboli: are they separable by transcranial ultrasound?, 860
End-organ injury
brain metabolic alterations in patients with type 1 diabetes-hyperglycemia-induced injury, 1393
Endocannabinoids
the “dark side” of endocannabinoids: a neurotoxic role for anandamide, 564
Endogenous competition studies
in vivo binding behavior of dopamine receptor agonist (+)-PD128907 and implications for the “ceiling effect” in endogenous competition studies with [11C]raclopride—a positron emission tomography study in Macaca mulatta, 531
Endoglin
vascular endothelial growth factor induces abnormal microvasculature in the endoglin heterozygous mouse brain, 237
Endothelial apoptosis
caspase inhibitors prevent endothelial apoptosis and cerebral vasospasm in dog model of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 419
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms predict susceptibility to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm, 291
up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contributes to ischemic tolerance in the CA1 subfield of gerbil hippocampus, 271
Endothelin-1
a new primate model of focal stroke: endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in the common marmoset, 24
Endothelium
leukocyte-endothelium interactions during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice, 668
platelet-leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, 907
targeting anti-transferrin receptor antibody (OX26) and OX26-conjugated liposomes to brain capillary endothelial cells using in situ perfusion, 1193
Endotoxemia
cerebral vascular and metabolic response to sustained systemic inflammation in ovine traumatic brain injury, 1400
Energetics
glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation are coupled during intense neuronal activation, 972
Energy
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
secondary energy failure after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat, 1090
Energy metabolism
dynamic imaging of perfusion and oxygenation by functional magnetic resonance imaging, 1369
effect of astrocytic energy metabolism depressant on 14C-acetate uptake in intact rat brain, 188
the role of hypotheses in current research, illustrated by hypotheses on the possible role of astrocytes in energy metabolism and cerebral blood flow: from Newton to now, 1235
EP1/EP3-receptors
EP1- and EP3-receptors mediate prostaglandin E2-induced constriction of porcine large cerebral arteries, 1305
Epidermal growth factor-like growth factor
post-ischemic administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) reduces infarct size and modified neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, 399
Epilepsy
changes in TrkB-ERK1/2-CREB/Elk-1 pathways in hippocampal mossy fiber organization after traumatic brain injury, 934
dynamic fMRI and EEG recordings during spike-wave seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in WAG/Rij rats, 589
relative changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in local microdomains during generalized seizures, 1057
Epoxygenase
dependency of cortical functional hyperemia to forepaw stimulation on epoxygenase and nitric oxide synthase activities in rats, 509
Erratum
origin of PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the subarachnoidal blood vessels of the rat brain, 944
protein histidine phosphatase: a novel enzyme with potency for neuronal signaling, 1069
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupling protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex, 1069
Erythropoietin
mechanisms of erythropoietin-induced brain protection in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model, 259
Estrogen
differential effects of 17β-estradiol upon stroke damage in stroke prone and normotensive rats, 298
effects of combined estrogen and progesterone on brain infarction in reproductively senescent female rats, 1160
Excitotoxicity
2,7-bis-(4-amidinobenzylidene)-cycloheptan-1-one dihydrochloride, tPA stop, prevents tPA-enhanced excitotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo, 1153
Experimental stroke
characterization of a novel chronic photothrombotic ring stroke model in rats by magnetic resonance imaging, biochemical imaging, and histology, 789
Extracellular-regulating kinase
characterization of BrdU-positive neurons induced by transient global ischemia in adult hippocampus, 548
Fallypride
measuring the in vivo binding parameters of [18F]-fallypride in monkeys using a PET multiple injection protocol, 309
quantification of cerebral A1 adenosine receptors in humans using [18F]CPFPX and PET, 323
FDG-positron emission tomography
subthalamic nucleus stimulation restores glucose metabolism in associative and limbic cortices and in cerebellum: evidence from a FDG-PET study in advanced Parkinson's disease, 7
Ferritin
regulation of the profile of iron-management proteins in brain microvasculature, 67
Ferroportin
regulation of the profile of iron-management proteins in brain microvasculature, 67
Fibroblast growth factors
postischemic intraventricular administration of FGF-2 expressing adenoviral vectors improves neurologic outcome and reduces infarct volume after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 1205
time window of fibroblast growth factor-18-mediated neuroprotection after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats, 114
Field potentials
impaired neurovascular coupling by transhemispheric diaschisis in rat cerebral cortex, 713
FKHRL1
the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide governs neuronal survival during oxidative stress through protein kinase B coupled to FOXO3a and mitochondrial membrane potential, 728
Flow heterogeneity
capillary flow and diameter changes during reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia studied by intravital video microscopy, 383
Flow metabolism decoupling
sustained poststimulus elevation in cerebral oxygen utilization after vascular recovery, 764
Flow metabolism uncoupling
relationship between flow-metabolism uncoupling and evolving axonal injury after experimental traumatic brain injury, 1025
Flow velocity
capillary flow and diameter changes during reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia studied by intravital video microscopy, 383
Flowmetry
induction of tolerance to focal ischemia in rat brain: dissociation between cortical lesioning and spreading depression, 1167
laser speckle flowmetry for the study of cerebrovascular physiology in normal and ischemic mouse cortex, 744
pronounced hypoperfusion during spreading depression in mouse cortex, 1172
spatiotemporal quantification of cerebral blood flow during functional activation in rat somatosensory cortex using laser-speckle flowmetry, 518
Flowmotion
spontaneous low-frequency oscillations decline in the aging brain, 1183
Fluorescence
fluorometric determination of glucose utilization in neurons in vitro and in vivo, 993
Fluorocitrate
effect of astrocytic energy metabolism depressant on 14C-acetate uptake in intact rat brain, 188
Fluorogold
origin of PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the subarachnoidal blood vessels of the rat brain, 628
Focal cerebral ischemia
activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats, 441
activation of proinflammatory caspases by cathepsin B in focal cerebral ischemia, 1272
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker attenuate the tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 771
anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy protects against focal brain ischemia in hypertensive rats, 1359
degeneration of the basalocortical pathway from the cortex induces a functional increase in galaninergic markers in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat, 1255
identification of hemodynamic compromise by cerebrovascular reserve and oxygen extraction fraction in occlusive vascular disease, 1081
interstitial pO2 in ischemic penumbra and core are differentially affected following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 343
laser speckle flowmetry for the study of cerebrovascular physiology in normal and ischemic mouse cortex, 744
leukocyte-endothelium interactions during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice, 668
nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor after focal cerebral ischemia, 458
post-ischemic administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) reduces infarct size and modified neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, 399
restriction-mediated differential display (RMDD) identifies pip92 as a pro-apoptotic gene product induced during focal cerebral ischemia, 224
sustained blockade of brain AT1 receptors before and after focal cerebral ischemia alleviates neurologic deficits and reduces neuronal injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in the rat, 536
Focal ischemia
augmented delayed infarct expansion and reactive astrocytosis after permanent focal ischemia in apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice, 646
Bcl-2 transfection via herpes simplex virus blocks
apoptosis-inducing factor translocation after focal ischemia in the rat, 681
hypothermic protection in rat focal ischemia models: strain differences and relevance to “reperfusion injury,” 42
induction of tolerance to focal ischemia in rat brain: dissociation between cortical lesioning and spreading depression, 1167
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
transient focal ischemia affects the cAMP second messenger system and coupled dopamine D1 and 5-HT1A receptors in the living monkey brain: a positron emission tomography study using microdialysis, 898
translation-state analysis of gene expression in mouse brain after focal ischemia, 657
Fodrin
accumulation of calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic fragments of brain-derived αII-spectrin in cerebral spinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, 98
Forebrain ischemia
amelioration of hippocampal neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice, 107
FOXO3a
the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide governs neuronal survival during oxidative stress through protein kinase B coupled to FOXO3a and mitochondrial membrane potential, 728
Fractalkine
the chemokine fractalkine in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and a mouse model of closed head injury, 1110
Free radicals
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupled protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex: methodological optimization and comparison of expression with brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, 780
Freeze lesion
functional magnetic resonance imaging and somatosensory evoked potentials in rats with a neonatally induced freeze lesion of the somatosensory cortex, 1409
Fulminant hepatic failure
the effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 798
Functional activation
dependency of cortical functional hyperemia to forepaw stimulation on epoxygenase and nitric oxide synthase activities in rats, 509
spatiotemporal quantification of cerebral blood flow during functional activation in rat somatosensory cortex using laser-speckle flowmetry, 518
Functional hyperemia
Aβ-induced vascular oxidative stress and attenuation of functional hyperemia in mouse somatosensory cortex, 334
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
brain function early after stroke in relation to subsequent recovery, 756
dynamic fMRI and EEG recordings during spike-wave seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in WAG/Rij rats, 589
sustained poststimulus elevation in cerebral oxygen utilization after vascular recovery, 764
task repetition can affect functional magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of language lateralization and lead to pseudoincreases in bilaterality, 179
Functional neuroimaging
coupling of changes in cerebral blood flow with neural activity: what must initially dip must come back up, 1
impaired neurovascular coupling by transhemispheric diaschisis in rat cerebral cortex, 713
spatiotemporal quantification of cerebral blood flow during functional activation in rat somatosensory cortex using laser-speckle flowmetry, 518
Functional recovery
celecoxib induces functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage with reduction of brain edema and perihematomal cell death, 926
functional recovery
progesterone enhances functional recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion in male mice, 805
Functional response
negative functional response to sensory stimulation and its origins, 703
Functional transcranial Doppler sonography
task repetition can affect functional magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of language lateralization and lead to pseudoincreases in bilaterality, 179
Galaniergic markers
degeneration of the basalocortical pathway from the cortex induces a functional increase in galaninergic markers in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat, 1255
Galanin
degeneration of the basalocortical pathway from the cortex induces a functional increase in galaninergic markers in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat, 1255
Gender
intracerebral hemorrhage in mice: model characterization and application for genetically modified mice, 487
pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma: similarities and differences, 133
Gene engineering
a model of global cerebral ischemia in C57 BL/6 mice, 151
Gene expression
genome-wide gene expression analysis for induced ischemic tolerance and delayed neuronal death following transient global ischemia in rats, 212
global gene expression in the immature brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1317
molecular profile of vascular ion channels after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 75
restriction-mediated differential display (RMDD) identifies pip92 as a pro-apoptotic gene product induced during focal cerebral ischemia, 224
translation-state analysis of gene expression in mouse brain after focal ischemia, 657
Gene polymorphisms
endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms predict susceptibility to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm, 291
Gene therapy
anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy protects against focal brain ischemia in hypertensive rats, 1359
Bcl-2 transfection via herpes simplex virus blocks
apoptosis-inducing factor translocation after focal ischemia in the rat, 681
postischemic intraventricular administration of FGF-2 expressing adenoviral vectors improves neurologic outcome and reduces infarct volume after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 1205
Gene transfer
retroviral delivery of homeobox D3 gene induces cerebral angiogenesis in mice, 1280
Genetics
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma: similarities and differences, 133
Gerbil model
induced hippocampal neuron protection in an optimized gerbil ischemia model: insult thresholds for tolerance induction and altered gene expression defined by ischemic depolarization, 84
pharmacological manipulations of ATP-dependent potassium channels and adenosine A1 receptors do not impact hippocampal ischemic preconditioning in vivo: evidence in a highly quantitative gerbil model, 556
time course and cellular distribution of Hsp27 and Hsp72 stress protein expression in a quantitative gerbil model of ischemic injury and tolerance, 167
up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contributes to ischemic tolerance in the CA1 subfield of gerbil hippocampus, 271
Glibenclamide
pharmacological manipulations of ATP-dependent potassium channels and adenosine A1 receptors do not impact hippocampal ischemic preconditioning in vivo: evidence in a highly quantitative gerbil model, 556
Global ischemia
amelioration of hippocampal neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice, 107
capillary flow and diameter changes during reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia studied by intravital video microscopy, 383
characterization of BrdU-positive neurons induced by transient global ischemia in adult hippocampus, 548
genome-wide gene expression analysis for induced ischemic tolerance and delayed neuronal death following transient global ischemia in rats, 212
induced hippocampal neuron protection in an optimized gerbil ischemia model: insult thresholds for tolerance induction and altered gene expression defined by ischemic depolarization, 84
a model of global cerebral ischemia in C57 BL/6 mice, 151
neuroprotection after transient global cerebral ischemia in WldS mutant mice, 62
Glucocorticoids
cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation increases anxiety-like behavior and decreases social interaction, 372
Glucose
comparison of glucose influx and blood flow in retina and brain of diabetic rats, 449
degeneration of the basalocortical pathway from the cortex induces a functional increase in galaninergic markers in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat, 1255
glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation are coupled during intense neuronal activation, 972
synaptic P2X7 and oxygen/glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures, 392
Glucose metabolism
relationship between flow-metabolism uncoupling and evolving axonal injury after experimental traumatic brain injury, 1025
selective uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by neurons and astrocytes: high-resolution microautoradiographic imaging by cellular 14C-trajectography combined with immunohistochemistry, 1004
subthalamic nucleus stimulation restores glucose metabolism in associative and limbic cortices and in cerebellum: evidence from a FDG-PET study in advanced Parkinson's disease, 7
Glucose utilization
the AMPA receptor potentiator LY404187 increases cerebral glucose utilization and c-fos expression in the rat, 1098
fluorometric determination of glucose utilization in neurons in vitro and in vivo, 993
in vivo measurement of glucose utilization in rats using a β-microprobe: direct comparison with autoradiography, 1015
Glucosylceramide synthase
glucosylceramide synthase activity and ceramide levels are modulated during cerebral ischemia after ischemic preconditioning, 623
Glutamate
the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle: a challenge of a challenge, 1241
the effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 798
valproate is neuroprotective against malonate toxicity in rat striatum: an association with augmentation of high-affinity glutamate uptake, 1226
Glutamate/glutamine cycle
glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation are coupled during intense neuronal activation, 972
Glycolysis
the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle: a challenge of a challenge, 1241
GPIIb/IIIa
platelet-leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, 907
Habituation
task repetition can affect functional magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of language lateralization and lead to pseudoincreases in bilaterality, 179
Head injury
cerebral vascular and metabolic response to sustained systemic inflammation in ovine traumatic brain injury, 1400
the chemokine fractalkine in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and a mouse model of closed head injury, 1110
defining ischemic burden after traumatic brain injury using 15O PET imaging of cerebral physiology, 191
incidence and mechanisms of cerebral ischemia in early clinical head injury, 202
Heat shock protein
mechanisms of erythropoietin-induced brain protection in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model, 259
the upregulation of cognate and inducible heat shock proteins in the anoxic turtle brain, 826
Hemodynamics
cerebral hemodynamic reserve and early neurologic deterioration in acute ischemic stroke, 1267
identification of hemodynamic compromise by cerebrovascular reserve and oxygen extraction fraction in occlusive vascular disease, 1081
Herpes simplex virus
Bcl-2 transfection via herpes simplex virus blocks apoptosis-inducing factor translocation after focal ischemia in the rat, 681
HIF overexpression
identification of potential stroke targets by lentiviral vector mediated overexpression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in a primary neuronal model of hypoxia, 245
High-intensity transient signal (HITS) classification
solid or gaseous circulating brain emboli: are they separable by transcranial ultrasound?, 860
Hippocampal organotypic culture
multiplexed cytokine protein expression profiles from spreading depression in hippocampal organotypic cultures, 829
Hippocampus
amelioration of hippocampal neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice, 107
changes in TrkB-ERK1/2-CREB/Elk-1 pathways in hippocampal mossy fiber organization after traumatic brain injury, 934
characterization of BrdU-positive neurons induced by transient global ischemia in adult hippocampus, 548
epsilon protein kinase C mediated ischemic tolerance requires activation of the extracellular regulated kinase pathway in the organotypic hippocampal slice, 636
genome-wide gene expression analysis for induced ischemic tolerance and delayed neuronal death following transient global ischemia in rats, 212
induced hippocampal neuron protection in an optimized gerbil ischemia model: insult thresholds for tolerance induction and altered gene expression defined by ischemic depolarization, 84
the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide governs neuronal survival during oxidative stress through protein kinase B coupled to FOXO3a and mitochondrial membrane potential, 728
pharmacological manipulations of ATP-dependent potassium channels and adenosine A1 receptors do not impact hippocampal ischemic preconditioning in vivo: evidence in a highly quantitative gerbil model, 556
synaptic P2X7 and oxygen/glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures, 392
up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contributes to ischemic tolerance in the CA1 subfield of gerbil hippocampus, 271
Hirudin
intracerebral hirudin injection attenuates ischemic damage and neurologic deficits without altering local cerebral blood flow, 159
Histology
characterization of a novel chronic photothrombotic ring stroke model in rats by magnetic resonance imaging, biochemical imaging, and histology, 789
Histone acetylation
valproate is neuroprotective against malonate toxicity in rat striatum: an association with augmentation of high-affinity glutamate uptake, 1226
Homeobox D3 gene
retroviral delivery of homeobox D3 gene induces cerebral angiogenesis in mice, 1280
Hormone replacement
effects of combined estrogen and progesterone on brain infarction in reproductively senescent female rats, 1160
HSP-70
valproate is neuroprotective against malonate toxicity in rat striatum: an association with augmentation of high-affinity glutamate uptake, 1226
Hsp27 protein
time course and cellular distribution of Hsp27 and Hsp72 stress protein expression in a quantitative gerbil model of ischemic injury and tolerance, 167
Hsp72 protein
time course and cellular distribution of Hsp27 and Hsp72 stress protein expression in a quantitative gerbil model of ischemic injury and tolerance, 167
5-HT1A receptor
transient focal ischemia affects the cAMP second messenger system and coupled dopamine D1 and 5-HT1A receptors in the living monkey brain: a positron emission tomography study using microdialysis, 898
Hydrocephalus
changes in cerebral blood flow during cerebrospinal fluid pressure manipulation in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus: a methodological study, 579
normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral blood flow: a PET study of baseline values, 17
Hypercapnia
laser speckle flowmetry for the study of cerebrovascular physiology in normal and ischemic mouse cortex, 744
Hyperemia
dependency of cortical functional hyperemia to forepaw stimulation on epoxygenase and nitric oxide synthase activities in rats, 509
effects of reperfusion on ADC and CBF pixel-by-pixel dynamics in stroke: characterizing tissue fates using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging, 290
Hyperglycemia
brain metabolic alterations in patients with type 1 diabetes-hyperglycemia-induced injury, 1393
Hyperosmolarity
valproate is neuroprotective against malonate toxicity in rat striatum: an association with augmentation of high-affinity glutamate uptake, 1226
Hyperoxia
interstitial pO2 in ischemic penumbra and core are differentially affected following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 343 Hypertension
anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy protects against focal brain ischemia in hypertensive rats, 1359
glucosylceramide synthase activity and ceramide levels are modulated during cerebral ischemia after ischemic preconditioning, 623
Hypoperfusion
pronounced hypoperfusion during spreading depression in mouse cortex, 1172
Hypothermia
delayed onset of prolonged hypothermia improves outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats, 432
hypothermic protection in rat focal ischemia models: strain differences and relevance to “reperfusion injury,” 42
pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma: similarities and differences, 133
window of opportunity of cerebral hypothermia for postischemic white matter injury in the near-term fetal sheep, 877
Hypotheses
the role of hypotheses in current research, illustrated by hypotheses on the possible role of astrocytes in energy metabolism and cerebral blood flow: from Newton to now, 1235
Hypoxia
identification of potential stroke targets by lentiviral vector mediated overexpression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in a primary neuronal model of hypoxia, 245
increased severity of cerebral ischemic injury in vascular endothelial growth factor-B-deficient mice, 1146
mechanisms of erythropoietin-induced brain protection in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model, 259
neural stem cells in the subventricular zone are resilient to hypoxia/ischemia whereas progenitors are vulnerable, 814
PAR-1 deficiency protects against neuronal damage and neurologic deficits after unilateral cerebral hypoxia/ischemia, 964
secondary energy failure after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat, 1090
Hypoxia-ischemia
global gene expression in the immature brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1317
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
secondary energy failure after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat, 1090
Hypoxia-reoxygenation
induction of caspase-mediated cell death by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation, 720
Imaging
coupling of changes in cerebral blood flow with neural activity: what must initially dip must come back up, 1
Immature brain
global gene expression in the immature brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1317
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
Immune regulation
inhibition of toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling—a unifying theme in ischemic tolerance, 1288
Immunohistochemistry
selective uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by neurons and astrocytes: high-resolution microautoradiographic imaging by cellular 14C-trajectography combined with immunohistochemistry, 1004
Indomethacin
the effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 798
Infarct
activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats, 441
the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan increases cerebral blood flow, reduces infarct size, and improves neurologic outcome after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, 467
augmented delayed infarct expansion and reactive astrocytosis after permanent focal ischemia in apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice, 646
effects of combined estrogen and progesterone on brain infarction in reproductively senescent female rats, 1160
post-ischemic administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) reduces infarct size and modified neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, 399
Infarct size
human C-reactive protein increases cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, 1214
postischemic intraventricular administration of FGF-2 expressing adenoviral vectors improves neurologic outcome and reduces infarct volume after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 1205
Inflammation
celecoxib induces functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage with reduction of brain edema and perihematomal cell death, 926
cerebral vascular and metabolic response to sustained systemic inflammation in ovine traumatic brain injury, 1400
human C-reactive protein increases cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, 1214
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
inhibition of toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling—a unifying theme in ischemic tolerance, 1288
pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma: similarities and differences, 133
Inflammatory gene profile
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
Inflammatory mediators
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
Inflammatory response
sustained blockade of brain AT1 receptors before and after focal cerebral ischemia alleviates neurologic deficits and reduces neuronal injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in the rat, 536
Initial dip
coupling of changes in cerebral blood flow with neural activity: what must initially dip must come back up, 1
Interleukins
interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 on prostaglandin D synthase production in cultivated rat leptomeningeal cells, 409
Internal carotid artery
retinal discoloration test, 305
Interstitial oxygen tension
interstitial pO2 in ischemic penumbra and core are differentially affected following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 343
Intraarterial blood
retinal discoloration test, 305
Intracerebral blood volume
delayed onset of prolonged hypothermia improves outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats, 432
Intracerebral hemorrhage
celecoxib induces functional recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage with reduction of brain edema and perihematomal cell death, 926
delayed onset of prolonged hypothermia improves outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats, 432
intracerebral hemorrhage in mice: model characterization and application for genetically modified mice, 487
MMP-9 deficiency enhances collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage and brain injury in mutant mice, 1133
Intracranial aneurysm
endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms predict susceptibility to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm, 291
Intracranial pressure
cerebral vascular and metabolic response to sustained systemic inflammation in ovine traumatic brain injury, 1400
the effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 798
signaling pathways for early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 916
Intracranial vasospasm
the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol dilates large cerebral arteries in humans without affecting regional cerebral blood flow, 1352
In vitro culture
epsilon protein kinase C mediated ischemic tolerance requires activation of the extracellular regulated kinase pathway in the organotypic hippocampal slice, 636
Iron-management proteins
regulation of the profile of iron-management proteins in brain microvasculature, 67
Ischemia
accumulation of calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic fragments of brain-derived αII-spectrin in cerebral spinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, 98
altered biosynthesis of neuropeptide processing enzyme carboxypeptidase E after brain ischemia: molecular mechanism and implication, 612
Bcl-2 transfection via herpes simplex virus blocks
apoptosis-inducing factor translocation after focal ischemia in the rat, 681
caspase inhibition after neonatal ischemia in the rat brain, 124
characterization of BrdU-positive neurons induced by transient global ischemia in adult hippocampus, 548
effects of reperfusion on ADC and CBF pixel-by-pixel dynamics in stroke: characterizing tissue fates using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging, 290
global gene expression in the immature brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1317
hypothermic protection in rat focal ischemia models: strain differences and relevance to “reperfusion injury,” 42
increased severity of cerebral ischemic injury in vascular endothelial growth factor-B-deficient mice, 1146
induced hippocampal neuron protection in an optimized gerbil ischemia model: insult thresholds for tolerance induction and altered gene expression defined by ischemic depolarization, 84
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
inhibition of toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling—a unifying theme in ischemic tolerance, 1288
intracerebral hirudin injection attenuates ischemic damage and neurologic deficits without altering local cerebral blood flow, 159
neural stem cells in the subventricular zone are resilient to hypoxia/ischemia whereas progenitors are vulnerable, 814
neuroprotection after transient global cerebral ischemia in WldS mutant mice, 62
neuroprotection of ischemic brain by vascular endothelial growth factor is critically dependent on proper dosage and may be compromised by angiogenesis, 693
a new primate model of focal stroke: endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in the common marmoset, 24
pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma: similarities and differences, 133
post-ischemic administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) reduces infarct size and modified neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, 399
synaptic P2X7 and oxygen/glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures, 392
time course and cellular distribution of Hsp27 and Hsp72 stress protein expression in a quantitative gerbil model of ischemic injury and tolerance, 167
Ischemic depolarization
pharmacological manipulations of ATP-dependent potassium channels and adenosine A1 receptors do not impact hippocampal ischemic preconditioning in vivo: evidence in a highly quantitative gerbil model, 556
Ischemic penumbra
defining ischemic burden after traumatic brain injury using 15O PET imaging of cerebral physiology, 191
interstitial pO2 in ischemic penumbra and core are differentially affected following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 343
Ischemic preconditioning
epsilon protein kinase C mediated ischemic tolerance requires activation of the extracellular regulated kinase pathway in the organotypic hippocampal slice, 636
glucosylceramide synthase activity and ceramide levels are modulated during cerebral ischemia after ischemic preconditioning, 623
Ischemic tissue fate
dynamic tracking of acute ischemic tissue fates using improved unsupervised ISODATA analysis of high-resolution quantitative perfusion and diffusion data, 887
Ischemic tolerance
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker attenuate the tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 771
epsilon protein kinase C mediated ischemic tolerance requires activation of the extracellular regulated kinase pathway in the organotypic hippocampal slice, 636
genome-wide gene expression analysis for induced ischemic tolerance and delayed neuronal death following transient global ischemia in rats, 212
glucosylceramide synthase activity and ceramide levels are modulated during cerebral ischemia after ischemic preconditioning, 623
induced hippocampal neuron protection in an optimized gerbil ischemia model: insult thresholds for tolerance induction and altered gene expression defined by ischemic depolarization, 84
induction of tolerance to focal ischemia in rat brain: dissociation between cortical lesioning and spreading depression, 1167
inhibition of toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling—a unifying theme in ischemic tolerance, 1288
multiplexed cytokine protein expression profiles from spreading depression in hippocampal organotypic cultures, 829
up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contributes to ischemic tolerance in the CA1 subfield of gerbil hippocampus, 271
ISODATA analysis
dynamic tracking of acute ischemic tissue fates using improved unsupervised ISODATA analysis of high-resolution quantitative perfusion and diffusion data, 887
Kinase pathway
epsilon protein kinase C mediated ischemic tolerance requires activation of the extracellular regulated kinase pathway in the organotypic hippocampal slice, 636
Kinetic analysis
evaluation of simplified kinetic analyses for measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase activity using N-[11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate and positron emission tomography, 600
Kinetic modeling
quantification of cerebral A1 adenosine receptors in humans using [18F]CPFPX and PET, 323
Knock-in mouse
augmented delayed infarct expansion and reactive astrocytosis after permanent focal ischemia in apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice, 646
Lactate
the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle: a challenge of a challenge, 1241
the effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 798
modeling cerebral arteriovenous lactate kinetics after intravenous lactate infusion in the rat, 1071
Language lateralization
task repetition can affect functional magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of language lateralization and lead to pseudoincreases in bilaterality, 179
Laser Doppler flowmetry
the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan increases cerebral blood flow, reduces infarct size, and improves neurologic outcome after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, 467
Aβ-induced vascular oxidative stress and attenuation of functional hyperemia in mouse somatosensory cortex, 334
induction of tolerance to focal ischemia in rat brain: dissociation between cortical lesioning and spreading depression, 1167
negative functional response to sensory stimulation and its origins, 703
pronounced hypoperfusion during spreading depression in mouse cortex, 1172
Laser speckle flowmetry
laser speckle flowmetry for the study of cerebrovascular physiology in normal and ischemic mouse cortex, 744
pronounced hypoperfusion during spreading depression in mouse cortex, 1172
spatiotemporal quantification of cerebral blood flow during functional activation in rat somatosensory cortex using laser-speckle flowmetry, 518
Lateralization
task repetition can affect functional magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of language lateralization and lead to pseudoincreases in bilaterality, 179
Lentiviral vectors
identification of potential stroke targets by lentiviral vector mediated overexpression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in a primary neuronal model of hypoxia, 245
Leptomeningeal cells
interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 on prostaglandin D synthase production in cultivated rat leptomeningeal cells, 409
Leukocytes
leukocyte-endothelium interactions during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice, 668
platelet-leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, 907
Limbic cortex
subthalamic nucleus stimulation restores glucose metabolism in associative and limbic cortices and in cerebellum: evidence from a FDG-PET study in advanced Parkinson's disease, 7
Lipid rafts
inhibition of toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling—a unifying theme in ischemic tolerance, 1288
Liposomes
targeting anti-transferrin receptor antibody (OX26) and OX26-conjugated liposomes to brain capillary endothelial cells using in situ perfusion, 1193
LY404187
the AMPA receptor potentiator LY404187 increases cerebral glucose utilization and c-fos expression in the rat, 1098
Lysosomes
activation of proinflammatory caspases by cathepsin B in focal cerebral ischemia, 1272
characterization of a novel chronic photothrombotic ring stroke model in rats by magnetic resonance imaging, biochemical imaging, and histology, 789
coupling of changes in cerebral blood flow with neural activity: what must initially dip must come back up, 1
the “dark side” of endocannabinoids: a neurotoxic role for anandamide, 564
does the acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesion represent penumbra as well as core? a combined quantitative PET/MRI voxel-based study, 1249
dynamic imaging of perfusion and oxygenation by functional magnetic resonance imaging, 1369
functional magnetic resonance imaging and somatosensory evoked potentials in rats with a neonatally induced freeze lesion of the somatosensory cortex, 1409
simplified methods for calculating cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen based on 17O magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging measurement during a short 17O2 inhalation, 840
Magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging
effects of reperfusion on ADC and CBF pixel-by-pixel dynamics in stroke: characterizing tissue fates using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging, 290
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
brain metabolic alterations in patients with type 1 diabetes-hyperglycemia-induced injury, 1393
Malonate toxicity
valproate is neuroprotective against malonate toxicity in rat striatum: an association with augmentation of high-affinity glutamate uptake, 1226
Maltotoxin
caspase inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk attenuates calpain and necrotic cell death in vitro and after traumatic brain injury, 1119
Marmoset model
a new primate model of focal stroke: endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in the common marmoset, 24
Mathematical modeling
in vivo measurement of glucose utilization in rats using a β-microprobe: direct comparison with autoradiography, 1015
modeling cerebral arteriovenous lactate kinetics after intravenous lactate infusion in the rat, 1071
Matrix metalloproteinase
induction of caspase-mediated cell death by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation, 720
MMP-9 deficiency enhances collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage and brain injury in mutant mice, 1133
MCP-1 gene
anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy protects against focal brain ischemia in hypertensive rats, 1359
Membrane depolarization
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
Metabolic coupling
laser speckle flowmetry for the study of cerebrovascular physiology in normal and ischemic mouse cortex, 744
Metabolism
brain metabolic alterations in patients with type 1 diabetes-hyperglycemia-induced injury, 1393
cerebral vascular and metabolic response to sustained systemic inflammation in ovine traumatic brain injury, 1400
dynamic imaging of perfusion and oxygenation by functional magnetic resonance imaging, 1369
Microangiopathic end-organ injury
brain metabolic alterations in patients with type 1 diabetes-hyperglycemia-induced injury, 1393
Microarray
the “dark side” of endocannabinoids: a neurotoxic role for anandamide, 564
global gene expression in the immature brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1317
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
translation-state analysis of gene expression in mouse brain after focal ischemia, 657
Microautoradiographic imaging
selective uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by neurons and astrocytes: high-resolution microautoradiographic imaging by cellular 14C-trajectography combined with immunohistochemistry, 1004
Microcirculation
leukocyte-endothelium interactions during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice, 668
Microdialysis
the effect of indomethacin on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion and extracellular lactate and glutamate concentrations in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, 798
transient focal ischemia affects the cAMP second messenger system and coupled dopamine D1 and 5-HT1A receptors in the living monkey brain: a positron emission tomography study using microdialysis, 898
Microdomains
relative changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in local microdomains during generalized seizures, 1057
Microglia
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
Microgyria
functional magnetic resonance imaging and somatosensory evoked potentials in rats with a neonatally induced freeze lesion of the somatosensory cortex, 1409
Microvasculature
massive inborn angiogenesis in the brain scarcely raises cerebral blood flow, 849
a model of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and volume changes during brain activation, 1382
retroviral delivery of homeobox D3 gene induces cerebral angiogenesis in mice, 1280
vascular endothelial growth factor induces abnormal microvasculature in the endoglin heterozygous mouse brain, 237
Middle cerebral artery, isolated
impaired vascular reactivity of isolated rat middle cerebral artery after cortical spreading depression in vivo, 526
Middle cerebral artery infarction
the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan increases cerebral blood flow, reduces infarct size, and improves neurologic outcome after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, 467
Middle cerebral artery occlusion
accumulation of calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic fragments of brain-derived αII-spectrin in cerebral spinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, 98
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker attenuate the tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 771
bumetanide inhibition of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter reduces edema formation in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke, 1046
differential effects of 17β-estradiol upon stroke damage in stroke prone and normotensive rats, 298
glucosylceramide synthase activity and ceramide levels are modulated during cerebral ischemia after ischemic preconditioning, 623
human C-reactive protein increases cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, 1214
leukocyte-endothelium interactions during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice, 668
a new primate model of focal stroke: endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in the common marmoset, 24
outcome of acutely ischemic brain tissue in prolonged middle cerebral artery occlusion: a serial positron emission tomography investigation in the baboon, 495
platelet-leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, 907
postischemic intraventricular administration of FGF-2 expressing adenoviral vectors improves neurologic outcome and reduces infarct volume after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 1205
progesterone enhances functional recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion in male mice, 805
protein kinase C-γ and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-α are persistently translocated to cell membranes of the rat brain during and after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 54
restriction-mediated differential display (RMDD) identifies pip92 as a pro-apoptotic gene product induced during focal cerebral ischemia, 224
time window of fibroblast growth factor-18-mediated neuroprotection after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats, 114
Mitochondria
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker attenuate the tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 771
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupled protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex: methodological optimization and comparison of expression with brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, 780
Mitochondrial potential
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide governs neuronal survival during oxidative stress through protein kinase B coupled to FOXO3a and mitochondrial membrane potential, 728
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
signaling pathways for early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 916
Molecular profile
molecular profile of vascular ion channels after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 75
Monkey models
measuring the in vivo binding parameters of [18F]-fallypride in monkeys using a PET multiple injection protocol, 309
transient focal ischemia affects the cAMP second messenger system and coupled dopamine D1 and 5-HT1A receptors in the living monkey brain: a positron emission tomography study using microdialysis, 898
in vivo binding behavior of dopamine receptor agonist (+)-PD128907 and implications for the “ceiling effect” in endogenous competition studies with [11C]raclopride—a positron emission tomography study in Macaca mulatta, 531
Mossy fiber
changes in TrkB-ERK1/2-CREB/Elk-1 pathways in hippocampal mossy fiber organization after traumatic brain injury, 934
Mouse brain
Aβ-induced vascular oxidative stress and attenuation of functional hyperemia in mouse somatosensory cortex, 334
laser speckle flowmetry for the study of cerebrovascular physiology in normal and ischemic mouse cortex, 744
pronounced hypoperfusion during spreading depression in mouse cortex, 1172
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupled protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex: methodological optimization and comparison of expression with brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, 780
translation-state analysis of gene expression in mouse brain after focal ischemia, 657
vascular endothelial growth factor induces abnormal microvasculature in the endoglin heterozygous mouse brain, 237
Mouse model
activation of proinflammatory caspases by cathepsin B in focal cerebral ischemia, 1272
amelioration of hippocampal neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice, 107
augmented delayed infarct expansion and reactive astrocytosis after permanent focal ischemia in apolipoprotein E4 knock-in mice, 646
the chemokine fractalkine in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and a mouse model of closed head injury, 1110
increased severity of cerebral ischemic injury in vascular endothelial growth factor-B-deficient mice, 1146
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
intracerebral hemorrhage in mice: model characterization and application for genetically modified mice, 487
leukocyte-endothelium interactions during permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice, 668
MMP-9 deficiency enhances collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage and brain injury in mutant mice, 1133
a model of global cerebral ischemia in C57 BL/6 mice, 151
progesterone enhances functional recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion in male mice, 805
retroviral delivery of homeobox D3 gene induces cerebral angiogenesis in mice, 1280
Multiple-injection positron emission tomography
measuring the in vivo binding parameters of [18F]-fallypride in monkeys using a PET multiple injection protocol, 309
Multiplexed MFCA
multiplexed cytokine protein expression profiles from spreading depression in hippocampal organotypic cultures, 829
Multispectral analysis
dynamic tracking of acute ischemic tissue fates using improved unsupervised ISODATA analysis of high-resolution quantitative perfusion and diffusion data, 887
Mutant mice
MMP-9 deficiency enhances collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage and brain injury in mutant mice, 1133
neuroprotection after transient global cerebral ischemia in WldS mutant mice, 62
N-[11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate
evaluation of simplified kinetic analyses for measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase activity using N-[11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate and positron emission tomography, 600
Na-K-Cl cotransporter
bumetanide inhibition of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter reduces edema formation in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke, 1046
2-NBDG
fluorometric determination of glucose utilization in neurons in vitro and in vivo, 993
Near-infrared spectroscopy
olfactory response in the temporal cortex of the elderly measured with near-infrared spectroscopy: a preliminary feasibility study, 677
spontaneous low-frequency oscillations decline in the aging brain, 1183
Necrosis
caspase inhibition after neonatal ischemia in the rat brain, 124
caspase inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk attenuates calpain and necrotic cell death in vitro and after traumatic brain injury, 1119
Neonatal brain plasticity
functional magnetic resonance imaging and somatosensory evoked potentials in rats with a neonatally induced freeze lesion of the somatosensory cortex, 1409
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia
caspase inhibition after neonatal ischemia in the rat brain, 124
inflammatory gene profiling in the developing mouse brain after hypoxia-ischemia, 1333
mechanisms of erythropoietin-induced brain protection in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model, 259
Neural activity
coupling of changes in cerebral blood flow with neural activity: what must initially dip must come back up, 1
Neural stem cells
activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats, 441
neural stem cells in the subventricular zone are resilient to hypoxia/ischemia whereas progenitors are vulnerable, 814
Neuroblast migration
activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats, 441
Neurofilament
synaptic P2X7 and oxygen/glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures, 392
Neurogenesis
activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats, 441
characterization of BrdU-positive neurons induced by transient global ischemia in adult hippocampus, 548
post-ischemic administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) reduces infarct size and modified neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, 399
Neuroimaging
dynamic imaging of perfusion and oxygenation by functional magnetic resonance imaging, 1369
Neuroinflammation
the chemokine fractalkine in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and a mouse model of closed head injury, 1110
Neurologic deficits
intracerebral hirudin injection attenuates ischemic damage and neurologic deficits without altering local cerebral blood flow, 159
PAR-1 deficiency protects against neuronal damage and neurologic deficits after unilateral cerebral hypoxia/ischemia, 964
sustained blockade of brain AT1 receptors before and after focal cerebral ischemia alleviates neurologic deficits and reduces neuronal injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in the rat, 536
Neurologic outcome
postischemic intraventricular administration of FGF-2 expressing adenoviral vectors improves neurologic outcome and reduces infarct volume after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 1205
Neurological deterioration
cerebral hemodynamic reserve and early neurologic deterioration in acute ischemic stroke, 1267
Neuron-astroglia interaction
glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation are coupled during intense neuronal activation, 972
Neuronal activation
dynamic imaging of perfusion and oxygenation by functional magnetic resonance imaging, 1369
a model of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and volume changes during brain activation, 1382
Neuronal damage
amelioration of hippocampal neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice, 107
induced hippocampal neuron protection in an optimized gerbil ischemia model: insult thresholds for tolerance induction and altered gene expression defined by ischemic depolarization, 84
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
Neuronal death, delayed
genome-wide gene expression analysis for induced ischemic tolerance and delayed neuronal death following transient global ischemia in rats, 212
a model of global cerebral ischemia in C57 BL/6 mice, 151
Neuronal glucose oxidation
glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation are coupled during intense neuronal activation, 972
Neurons
fluorometric determination of glucose utilization in neurons in vitro and in vivo, 993
selective uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by neurons and astrocytes: high-resolution microautoradiographic imaging by cellular 14C-trajectography combined with immunohistochemistry, 1004
Neuropeptide processing
altered biosynthesis of neuropeptide processing enzyme carboxypeptidase E after brain ischemia: molecular mechanism and implication, 612
Neuroprotection
anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy protects against focal brain ischemia in hypertensive rats, 1359
mechanisms of erythropoietin-induced brain protection in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model, 259
neuroprotection after transient global cerebral ischemia in WldS mutant mice, 62
neuroprotection of ischemic brain by vascular endothelial growth factor is critically dependent on proper dosage and may be compromised by angiogenesis, 693
the neurotoxicity of tissue plasminogen activator?, 945
PAR-1 deficiency protects against neuronal damage and neurologic deficits after unilateral cerebral hypoxia/ischemia, 964
sustained blockade of brain AT1 receptors before and after focal cerebral ischemia alleviates neurologic deficits and reduces neuronal injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in the rat, 536
time window of fibroblast growth factor-18-mediated neuroprotection after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats, 114
the upregulation of cognate and inducible heat shock proteins in the anoxic turtle brain, 826
Neuroreceptor model
measuring the in vivo binding parameters of [18F]-fallypride in monkeys using a PET multiple injection protocol, 309
Neurotoxicity
the neurotoxicity of tissue plasminogen activator?, 945
valproate is neuroprotective against malonate toxicity in rat striatum: an association with augmentation of high-affinity glutamate uptake, 1226
Neurovascular coupling
functional magnetic resonance imaging and somatosensory evoked potentials in rats with a neonatally induced freeze lesion of the somatosensory cortex, 1409
impaired neurovascular coupling by transhemispheric diaschisis in rat cerebral cortex, 713
NF-κB
interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 on prostaglandin D synthase production in cultivated rat leptomeningeal cells, 409
Nicotinamide
the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide governs neuronal survival during oxidative stress through protein kinase B coupled to FOXO3a and mitochondrial membrane potential, 728
Nitric oxide
impaired vascular reactivity of isolated rat middle cerebral artery after cortical spreading depression in vivo, 526
pronounced hypoperfusion during spreading depression in mouse cortex, 1172
Nitric oxide synthase
dependency of cortical functional hyperemia to forepaw stimulation on epoxygenase and nitric oxide synthase activities in rats, 509
endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms predict susceptibility to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm, 291
up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contributes to ischemic tolerance in the CA1 subfield of gerbil hippocampus, 271
NMDA receptor
characterization of BrdU-positive neurons induced by transient global ischemia in adult hippocampus, 548
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
changes in cerebral blood flow during cerebrospinal fluid pressure manipulation in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus: a methodological study, 579
normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral blood flow: a PET study of baseline values, 17
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation are coupled during intense neuronal activation, 972
simplified methods for calculating cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen based on 17O magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging measurement during a short 17O2 inhalation, 840
Nuclear translocation
nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor after focal cerebral ischemia, 458
Nucleus basalis of Meynert
degeneration of the basalocortical pathway from the cortex induces a functional increase in galaninergic markers in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat, 1255
identification of hemodynamic compromise by cerebrovascular reserve and oxygen extraction fraction in occlusive vascular disease, 1081
Olfactory response
olfactory response in the temporal cortex of the elderly measured with near-infrared spectroscopy: a preliminary feasibility study, 677
Oligemia
effects of reperfusion on ADC and CBF pixel-by-pixel dynamics in stroke: characterizing tissue fates using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging, 290
Oligodendrocytes
neural stem cells in the subventricular zone are resilient to hypoxia/ischemia whereas progenitors are vulnerable, 814
window of opportunity of cerebral hypothermia for postischemic white matter injury in the near-term fetal sheep, 877
Optical imaging
laser speckle flowmetry for the study of cerebrovascular physiology in normal and ischemic mouse cortex, 744
pronounced hypoperfusion during spreading depression in mouse cortex, 1172
Otic ganglion
origin of PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the subarachnoidal blood vessels of the rat brain, 628
OX26-conjugated liposomes
targeting anti-transferrin receptor antibody (OX26) and OX26-conjugated liposomes to brain capillary endothelial cells using in situ perfusion, 1193
oxATP
synaptic P2X7 and oxygen/glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures, 392
Oxidative stress
Aβ-induced vascular oxidative stress and attenuation of functional hyperemia in mouse somatosensory cortex, 334
the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide governs neuronal survival during oxidative stress through protein kinase B coupled to FOXO3a and mitochondrial membrane potential, 728
Oxygen deprivation
synaptic P2X7 and oxygen/glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures, 392
Oxygen extraction fraction
identification of hemodynamic compromise by cerebrovascular reserve and oxygen extraction fraction in occlusive vascular disease, 1081
Oxygen metabolism
simplified methods for calculating cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen based on 17O magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging measurement during a short 17O2 inhalation, 840
Oxygen utilization
sustained poststimulus elevation in cerebral oxygen utilization after vascular recovery, 764
Oxygenation
dynamic imaging of perfusion and oxygenation by functional magnetic resonance imaging, 1369
synaptic P2X7 and oxygen/glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures, 392
P-selectin
platelet-leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, 907
PAR-1
intracerebral hirudin injection attenuates ischemic damage and neurologic deficits without altering local cerebral blood flow, 159
PAR-1 deficiency protects against neuronal damage and neurologic deficits after unilateral cerebral hypoxia/ischemia, 964
Parkinson's disease
changes of dopamine turnover in the progression of Parkinson's disease as measured by positron emission tomography: their relation to disease-compensatory mechanisms, 869
subthalamic nucleus stimulation restores glucose metabolism in associative and limbic cortices and in cerebellum: evidence from a FDG-PET study in advanced Parkinson's disease, 7
Penumbra
cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: the pathophysiologic concept as a basis for clinical therapy, 351
characterization of a novel chronic photothrombotic ring stroke model in rats by magnetic resonance imaging, biochemical imaging, and histology, 789
does the acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesion represent penumbra as well as core? a combined quantitative PET/MRI voxel-based study, 1249
dynamic tracking of acute ischemic tissue fates using improved unsupervised ISODATA analysis of high-resolution quantitative perfusion and diffusion data, 887
effects of reperfusion on ADC and CBF pixel-by-pixel dynamics in stroke: characterizing tissue fates using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging, 290
interstitial pO2 in ischemic penumbra and core are differentially affected following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 343
outcome of acutely ischemic brain tissue in prolonged middle cerebral artery occlusion: a serial positron emission tomography investigation in the baboon, 495
Perfusion-diffusion mismatch
dynamic tracking of acute ischemic tissue fates using improved unsupervised ISODATA analysis of high-resolution quantitative perfusion and diffusion data, 887
effects of reperfusion on ADC and CBF pixel-by-pixel dynamics in stroke: characterizing tissue fates using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging, 290
Perfusion imaging
dynamic tracking of acute ischemic tissue fates using improved unsupervised ISODATA analysis of high-resolution quantitative perfusion and diffusion data, 887
effects of reperfusion on ADC and CBF pixel-by-pixel dynamics in stroke: characterizing tissue fates using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging, 290
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia
secondary energy failure after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat, 1090
Permeability
massive inborn angiogenesis in the brain scarcely raises cerebral blood flow, 849
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contributes to ischemic tolerance in the CA1 subfield of gerbil hippocampus, 271
Phosphatidylserine
the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide governs neuronal survival during oxidative stress through protein kinase B coupled to FOXO3a and mitochondrial membrane potential, 728
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol dilates large cerebral arteries in humans without affecting regional cerebral blood flow, 1352
Phosphodiesterase type-IV
transient focal ischemia affects the cAMP second messenger system and coupled dopamine D1 and 5-HT1A receptors in the living monkey brain: a positron emission tomography study using microdialysis, 898
Phosphorylation
characterization of BrdU-positive neurons induced by transient global ischemia in adult hippocampus, 548
Photothrombosis
characterization of a novel chronic photothrombotic ring stroke model in rats by magnetic resonance imaging, biochemical imaging, and histology, 789
Pindolol
[18F]altanserin binding to human 5HT2A receptors is unaltered after citalopram and pindolol challenge, 1037
pip92
restriction-mediated differential display (RMDD) identifies pip92 as a pro-apoptotic gene product induced during focal cerebral ischemia, 224
Pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)
origin of PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the subarachnoidal blood vessels of the rat brain, 628
Plasticity
brain function early after stroke in relation to subsequent recovery, 756
functional magnetic resonance imaging and somatosensory evoked potentials in rats with a neonatally induced freeze lesion of the somatosensory cortex, 1409
Platelets
platelet-leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, 907
Polymerase chain reaction analysis
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupled protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex: methodological optimization and comparison of expression with brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, 780
Polymerase chain reaction analysis, real-time
mechanisms of erythropoietin-induced brain protection in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model, 259
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupled protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex: methodological optimization and comparison of expression with brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, 780
Polyribosome
translation-state analysis of gene expression in mouse brain after focal ischemia, 657
Porcine cerebral arteries
EP1- and EP3-receptors mediate prostaglandin E2-induced constriction of porcine large cerebral arteries, 1305
Positron emission tomography
[18F]altanserin binding to human 5HT2A receptors is unaltered after citalopram and pindolol challenge, 1037
changes of dopamine turnover in the progression of Parkinson's disease as measured by positron emission tomography: their relation to disease-compensatory mechanisms, 869
coupling of changes in cerebral blood flow with neural activity: what must initially dip must come back up, 1
defining ischemic burden after traumatic brain injury using 15O PET imaging of cerebral physiology, 191
does the acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesion represent penumbra as well as core? a combined quantitative PET/MRI voxel-based study, 1249
evaluation of simplified kinetic analyses for measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase activity using N-[11C]methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate and positron emission tomography, 600
identification of hemodynamic compromise by cerebrovascular reserve and oxygen extraction fraction in occlusive vascular disease, 1081
incidence and mechanisms of cerebral ischemia in early clinical head injury, 202
normal pressure hydrocephalus and cerebral blood flow: a PET study of baseline values, 17
outcome of acutely ischemic brain tissue in prolonged middle cerebral artery occlusion: a serial positron emission tomography investigation in the baboon, 495
quantification of cerebral A1 adenosine receptors in humans using [18F]CPFPX and PET, 323
simplified methods for calculating cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen based on 17O magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging measurement during a short 17O2 inhalation, 840
subthalamic nucleus stimulation restores glucose metabolism in associative and limbic cortices and in cerebellum: evidence from a FDG-PET study in advanced Parkinson's disease, 7
transient focal ischemia affects the cAMP second messenger system and coupled dopamine D1 and 5-HT1A receptors in the living monkey brain: a positron emission tomography study using microdialysis, 898
in vivo binding behavior of dopamine receptor agonist (+)-PD128907 and implications for the “ceiling effect” in endogenous competition studies with [11C]raclopride—a positron emission tomography study in Macaca mulatta, 531
Positron emission topography
changes in cerebral blood flow during cerebrospinal fluid pressure manipulation in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus: a methodological study, 579
Postsynaptic density
protein ubiquitination in postsynaptic densities after transient cerebral ischemia, 1219
Potassium channels
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker attenuate the tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 771
impaired vascular reactivity of isolated rat middle cerebral artery after cortical spreading depression in vivo, 526
molecular profile of vascular ion channels after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 75
pharmacological manipulations of ATP-dependent potassium channels and adenosine A1 receptors do not impact hippocampal ischemic preconditioning in vivo: evidence in a highly quantitative gerbil model, 556
Preconditioning
glucosylceramide synthase activity and ceramide levels are modulated during cerebral ischemia after ischemic preconditioning, 623
induced hippocampal neuron protection in an optimized gerbil ischemia model: insult thresholds for tolerance induction and altered gene expression defined by ischemic depolarization, 84
induction of tolerance to focal ischemia in rat brain: dissociation between cortical lesioning and spreading depression, 1167
inhibition of toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling—a unifying theme in ischemic tolerance, 1288
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
pharmacological manipulations of ATP-dependent potassium channels and adenosine A1 receptors do not impact hippocampal ischemic preconditioning in vivo: evidence in a highly quantitative gerbil model, 556
time course and cellular distribution of Hsp27 and Hsp72 stress protein expression in a quantitative gerbil model of ischemic injury and tolerance, 167
Primate models
measuring the in vivo binding parameters of [18F]-fallypride in monkeys using a PET multiple injection protocol, 309
a new primate model of focal stroke: endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in the common marmoset, 24
Progesterone
effects of combined estrogen and progesterone on brain infarction in reproductively senescent female rats, 1160
progesterone enhances functional recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion in male mice, 805
Proinflammatory cytokine
activation of proinflammatory caspases by cathepsin B in focal cerebral ischemia, 1272
interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 on prostaglandin D synthase production in cultivated rat leptomeningeal cells, 409
Prostaglandins
EP1- and EP3-receptors mediate prostaglandin E2-induced constriction of porcine large cerebral arteries, 1305
interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 on prostaglandin D synthase production in cultivated rat leptomeningeal cells, 409
Protease activated receptors
PAR-1 deficiency protects against neuronal damage and neurologic deficits after unilateral cerebral hypoxia/ischemia, 964
Proteases
activation of proinflammatory caspases by cathepsin B in focal cerebral ischemia, 1272
Protein kinase B
the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide governs neuronal survival during oxidative stress through protein kinase B coupled to FOXO3a and mitochondrial membrane potential, 728
Protein kinase C
epsilon protein kinase C mediated ischemic tolerance requires activation of the extracellular regulated kinase pathway in the organotypic hippocampal slice, 636
protein kinase C-γ and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-α are persistently translocated to cell membranes of the rat brain during and after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 54
Protein synthesis inhibition
cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: the pathophysiologic concept as a basis for clinical therapy, 351
molecular profile of vascular ion channels after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 75
retinal discoloration test, 305
[11C]Raclopride
in vivo binding behavior of dopamine receptor agonist (+)-PD128907 and implications for the “ceiling effect” in endogenous competition studies with [11C]raclopride—a positron emission tomography study in Macaca mulatta, 531
Radioactive microspheres
the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan increases cerebral blood flow, reduces infarct size, and improves neurologic outcome after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, 467
Rat brain
effect of astrocytic energy metabolism depressant on 14C-acetate uptake in intact rat brain, 188
impaired neurovascular coupling by transhemispheric diaschisis in rat cerebral cortex, 713
induction of tolerance to focal ischemia in rat brain: dissociation between cortical lesioning and spreading depression, 1167
interstitial pO2 in ischemic penumbra and core are differentially affected following transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 343
origin of PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the subarachnoidal blood vessels of the rat brain, 628
spatiotemporal quantification of cerebral blood flow during functional activation in rat somatosensory cortex using laser-speckle flowmetry, 518
Rat models
accumulation of calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic fragments of brain-derived αII-spectrin in cerebral spinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, 98
activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats, 441
adenosine A1 receptor antagonist and mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker attenuate the tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 771
the AMPA receptor potentiator LY404187 increases cerebral glucose utilization and c-fos expression in the rat, 1098
the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan increases cerebral blood flow, reduces infarct size, and improves neurologic outcome after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, 467
anti-monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene therapy protects against focal brain ischemia in hypertensive rats, 1359
Bcl-2 transfection via herpes simplex virus blocks apoptosis-inducing factor translocation after focal ischemia in the rat, 681
bumetanide inhibition of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter reduces edema formation in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke, 1046
caspase inhibition after neonatal ischemia in the rat brain, 124
characterization of BrdU-positive neurons induced by transient global ischemia in adult hippocampus, 548
comparison of glucose influx and blood flow in retina and brain of diabetic rats, 449
degeneration of the basalocortical pathway from the cortex induces a functional increase in galaninergic markers in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis of the rat, 1255
delayed onset of prolonged hypothermia improves outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats, 432
dependency of cortical functional hyperemia to forepaw stimulation on epoxygenase and nitric oxide synthase activities in rats, 509
dynamic fMRI and EEG recordings during spike-wave seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in WAG/Rij rats, 589
effects of combined estrogen and progesterone on brain infarction in reproductively senescent female rats, 1160
functional magnetic resonance imaging and somatosensory evoked potentials in rats with a neonatally induced freeze lesion of the somatosensory cortex, 1409
genome-wide gene expression analysis for induced ischemic tolerance and delayed neuronal death following transient global ischemia in rats, 212
glucosylceramide synthase activity and ceramide levels are modulated during cerebral ischemia after ischemic preconditioning, 623
human C-reactive protein increases cerebral infarct size after middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, 1214
hypothermic protection in rat focal ischemia models: strain differences and relevance to “reperfusion injury,” 42
impaired vascular reactivity of isolated rat middle cerebral artery after cortical spreading depression in vivo, 526
intracerebral hirudin injection attenuates ischemic damage and neurologic deficits without altering local cerebral blood flow, 159
in vivo measurement of glucose utilization in rats using a β-microprobe: direct comparison with autoradiography, 1015
mechanisms of erythropoietin-induced brain protection in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model, 259
mitochondria consume energy and compromise cellular membrane potential by reversing ATP synthetase activity during focal ischemia in rats, 986
modeling cerebral arteriovenous lactate kinetics after intravenous lactate infusion in the rat, 1071
post-ischemic administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) reduces infarct size and modified neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, 399
postischemic intraventricular administration of FGF-2 expressing adenoviral vectors improves neurologic outcome and reduces infarct volume after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 1205
protein kinase C-γ and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-α are persistently translocated to cell membranes of the rat brain during and after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 54 secondary energy failure after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rat, 1090
sustained blockade of brain AT1 receptors before and after focal cerebral ischemia alleviates neurologic deficits and reduces neuronal injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses in the rat, 536
valproate is neuroprotective against malonate toxicity in rat striatum: an association with augmentation of high-affinity glutamate uptake, 1226
rCMRglc
in vivo measurement of glucose utilization in rats using a β-microprobe: direct comparison with autoradiography, 1015
Receptor-PET
[18F]altanserin binding to human 5HT2A receptors is unaltered after citalopram and pindolol challenge, 1037
Recovery
progesterone enhances functional recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion in male mice, 805
Regeneration
post-ischemic administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) reduces infarct size and modified neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, 399
Regional cerebral blood flow
the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol dilates large cerebral arteries in humans without affecting regional cerebral blood flow, 1352
Rehabilitation
functional magnetic resonance imaging and somatosensory evoked potentials in rats with a neonatally induced freeze lesion of the somatosensory cortex, 1409
Reoxygenation
induction of caspase-mediated cell death by matrix metalloproteinases in cerebral endothelial cells after hypoxia-reoxygenation, 720
Reperfusion
the angiotensin II type 1-receptor blocker candesartan increases cerebral blood flow, reduces infarct size, and improves neurologic outcome after transient cerebral ischemia in rats, 467
capillary flow and diameter changes during reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia studied by intravital video microscopy, 383
cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: the pathophysiologic concept as a basis for clinical therapy, 351
effects of reperfusion on ADC and CBF pixel-by-pixel dynamics in stroke: characterizing tissue fates using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging, 290
the neurotoxicity of tissue plasminogen activator?, 945
a new primate model of focal stroke: endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in the common marmoset, 24
platelet-leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, 907
Reperfusion injury
cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: the pathophysiologic concept as a basis for clinical therapy, 351
hypothermic protection in rat focal ischemia models: strain differences and relevance to “reperfusion injury,” 42
Research
the role of hypotheses in current research, illustrated by hypotheses on the possible role of astrocytes in energy metabolism and cerebral blood flow: from Newton to now, 1235
Respiration
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupled protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex: methodological optimization and comparison of expression with brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, 780
Retina
comparison of glucose influx and blood flow in retina and brain of diabetic rats, 449
retinal discoloration test, 305
Retrograde tracing
origin of PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the subarachnoidal blood vessels of the rat brain, 628
Retroviral vector
retroviral delivery of homeobox D3 gene induces cerebral angiogenesis in mice, 1280
Second messenger system
transient focal ischemia affects the cAMP second messenger system and coupled dopamine D1 and 5-HT1A receptors in the living monkey brain: a positron emission tomography study using microdialysis, 898
Seizures
changes in TrkB-ERK1/2-CREB/Elk-1 pathways in hippocampal mossy fiber organization after traumatic brain injury, 934
dynamic fMRI and EEG recordings during spike-wave seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in WAG/Rij rats, 589
glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal glucose oxidation are coupled during intense neuronal activation, 972
relative changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in local microdomains during generalized seizures, 1057
Sensory cortex
impaired neurovascular coupling by transhemispheric diaschisis in rat cerebral cortex, 713
Sensory stimulation
negative functional response to sensory stimulation and its origins, 703
Serine protease
2,7-bis-(4-amidinobenzylidene)-cycloheptan-1-one dihydrochloride, tPA stop, prevents tPA-enhanced excitotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo, 1153
PAR-1 deficiency protects against neuronal damage and neurologic deficits after unilateral cerebral hypoxia/ischemia, 964
Signal transduction
cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: the pathophysiologic concept as a basis for clinical therapy, 351
epsilon protein kinase C mediated ischemic tolerance requires activation of the extracellular regulated kinase pathway in the organotypic hippocampal slice, 636
inhibition of toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling—a unifying theme in ischemic tolerance, 1288
protein kinase C-γ and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-α are persistently translocated to cell membranes of the rat brain during and after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 54
Signaling pathways
signaling pathways for early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 916
Skeletal muscle
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupled protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex: methodological optimization and comparison of expression with brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, 780
Skilled reaching
delayed onset of prolonged hypothermia improves outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats, 432
Smooth muscle
EP1- and EP3-receptors mediate prostaglandin E2-induced constriction of porcine large cerebral arteries, 1305
Social interaction
cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation increases anxiety-like behavior and decreases social interaction, 372
Solid/gaseous embolus
solid or gaseous circulating brain emboli: are they separable by transcranial ultrasound?, 860
Somatosensory cortex
Aβ-induced vascular oxidative stress and attenuation of functional hyperemia in mouse somatosensory cortex, 334
functional magnetic resonance imaging and somatosensory evoked potentials in rats with a neonatally induced freeze lesion of the somatosensory cortex, 1409
spatiotemporal quantification of cerebral blood flow during functional activation in rat somatosensory cortex using laser-speckle flowmetry, 518
Somatosensory evoked potential
functional magnetic resonance imaging and somatosensory evoked potentials in rats with a neonatally induced freeze lesion of the somatosensory cortex, 1409
Spatiotemporal quantification
spatiotemporal quantification of cerebral blood flow during functional activation in rat somatosensory cortex using laser-speckle flowmetry, 518
Spectroscopic imaging
simplified methods for calculating cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen based on 17O magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging measurement during a short 17O2 inhalation, 840
Sphenopalatine ganglion
origin of PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the subarachnoidal blood vessels of the rat brain, 628
Spike-wave discharges
relative changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in local microdomains during generalized seizures, 1057
Spontaneous oscillations
spontaneous low-frequency oscillations decline in the aging brain, 1183
Spreading depression
multiplexed cytokine protein expression profiles from spreading depression in hippocampal organotypic cultures, 829
Src gene
signaling pathways for early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 916
Steady state
[18F]altanserin binding to human 5HT2A receptors is unaltered after citalopram and pindolol challenge, 1037
Stem cells
neural stem cells in the subventricular zone are resilient to hypoxia/ischemia whereas progenitors are vulnerable, 814
Stereology
neuroprotection of ischemic brain by vascular endothelial growth factor is critically dependent on proper dosage and may be compromised by angiogenesis, 693
Strain differences
hypothermic protection in rat focal ischemia models: strain differences and relevance to “reperfusion injury,” 42
a model of global cerebral ischemia in C57 BL/6 mice, 151
Stress protein
time course and cellular distribution of Hsp27 and Hsp72 stress protein expression in a quantitative gerbil model of ischemic injury and tolerance, 167
Striatum
delayed onset of prolonged hypothermia improves outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats, 432
valproate is neuroprotective against malonate toxicity in rat striatum: an association with augmentation of high-affinity glutamate uptake, 1226
Stroke
accumulation of calpain and caspase-3 proteolytic fragments of brain-derived αII-spectrin in cerebral spinal fluid after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, 98
activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats, 441
activation of proinflammatory caspases by cathepsin B in focal cerebral ischemia, 1272
bumetanide inhibition of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter reduces edema formation in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke, 1046
cerebral hemodynamic reserve and early neurologic deterioration in acute ischemic stroke, 1267
cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: the pathophysiologic concept as a basis for clinical therapy, 351
characterization of a novel chronic photothrombotic ring stroke model in rats by magnetic resonance imaging, biochemical imaging, and histology, 789
delayed onset of prolonged hypothermia improves outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats, 432
differential effects of 17β-estradiol upon stroke damage in stroke prone and normotensive rats, 298
does the acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesion represent penumbra as well as core? a combined quantitative PET/MRI voxel-based study, 1249
effects of combined estrogen and progesterone on brain infarction in reproductively senescent female rats, 1160
effects of reperfusion on ADC and CBF pixel-by-pixel dynamics in stroke: characterizing tissue fates using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging, 290
impaired neurovascular coupling by transhemispheric diaschisis in rat cerebral cortex, 713
increased severity of cerebral ischemic injury in vascular endothelial growth factor-B-deficient mice, 1146
neural stem cells in the subventricular zone are resilient to hypoxia/ischemia whereas progenitors are vulnerable, 814
neuroprotection of ischemic brain by vascular endothelial growth factor is critically dependent on proper dosage and may be compromised by angiogenesis, 693
the neurotoxicity of tissue plasminogen activator?, 945
a new primate model of focal stroke: endothelin-1-induced middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in the common marmoset, 24
nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor after focal cerebral ischemia, 458
pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma: similarities and differences, 133
the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol dilates large cerebral arteries in humans without affecting regional cerebral blood flow, 1352
post-ischemic administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) reduces infarct size and modified neurogenesis after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat, 399
progesterone enhances functional recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion in male mice, 805
protein kinase C-γ and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-α are persistently translocated to cell membranes of the rat brain during and after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 54
time window of fibroblast growth factor-18-mediated neuroprotection after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats, 114
Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP)
differential effects of 17β-estradiol upon stroke damage in stroke prone and normotensive rats, 298
Stroke recovery
brain function early after stroke in relation to subsequent recovery, 756
Stroke therapeutics
identification of potential stroke targets by lentiviral vector mediated overexpression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in a primary neuronal model of hypoxia, 245
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
caspase inhibitors prevent endothelial apoptosis and cerebral vasospasm in dog model of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 419
endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms predict susceptibility to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral vasospasm, 291
molecular profile of vascular ion channels after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 75
signaling pathways for early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 916
Subarachnoidal blood vessels
origin of PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the subarachnoidal blood vessels of the rat brain, 628
Subthalamic nucleus
subthalamic nucleus stimulation restores glucose metabolism in associative and limbic cortices and in cerebellum: evidence from a FDG-PET study in advanced Parkinson's disease, 7
Subventricular zone
activated neural stem cells contribute to stroke-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration toward the infarct boundary in adult rats, 441
neural stem cells in the subventricular zone are resilient to hypoxia/ischemia whereas progenitors are vulnerable, 814
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibition
valproate is neuroprotective against malonate toxicity in rat striatum: an association with augmentation of high-affinity glutamate uptake, 1226
Sudden death
cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation increases anxiety-like behavior and decreases social interaction, 372
Superoxide anion
Aβ-induced vascular oxidative stress and attenuation of functional hyperemia in mouse somatosensory cortex, 334
Synaptophysin
synaptic P2X7 and oxygen/glucose deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures, 392
Temperature telemetry
delayed onset of prolonged hypothermia improves outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats, 432
Temporal cortex
olfactory response in the temporal cortex of the elderly measured with near-infrared spectroscopy: a preliminary feasibility study, 677
Thalamus
dynamic fMRI and EEG recordings during spike-wave seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in WAG/Rij rats, 589
Thermogenesis
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupled protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex: methodological optimization and comparison of expression with brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, 780
Three vessel occlusion
a model of global cerebral ischemia in C57 BL/6 mice, 151
Thrombin
intracerebral hirudin injection attenuates ischemic damage and neurologic deficits without altering local cerebral blood flow, 159
Tight junction
interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 on prostaglandin D synthase production in cultivated rat leptomeningeal cells, 409
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
2,7-bis-(4-amidinobenzylidene)-cycloheptan-1-one dihydrochloride, tPA stop, prevents tPA-enhanced excitotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo, 1153
the neurotoxicity of tissue plasminogen activator?, 945
Toll-like receptor
inhibition of toll-like receptor and cytokine signaling—a unifying theme in ischemic tolerance, 1288
Tonic-clonic seizures
relative changes in cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in local microdomains during generalized seizures, 1057
tPA stop
2,7-bis-(4-amidinobenzylidene)-cycloheptan-1-one dihydrochloride, tPA stop, prevents tPA-enhanced excitotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo, 1153
Trachemys
anoxia tolerant brains, 475
Trachemys scripta brain
the upregulation of cognate and inducible heat shock proteins in the anoxic turtle brain, 826
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography
cerebral hemodynamic reserve and early neurologic deterioration in acute ischemic stroke, 1267
Transferrin receptor
regulation of the profile of iron-management proteins in brain microvasculature, 67
Transgenic mice
massive inborn angiogenesis in the brain scarcely raises cerebral blood flow, 849
Transhemispheric diaschisis
impaired neurovascular coupling by transhemispheric diaschisis in rat cerebral cortex, 713
Transient cerebral ischemia
amelioration of hippocampal neuronal damage after transient forebrain ischemia in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice, 107
neuroprotection after transient global cerebral ischemia in WldS mutant mice, 62
postischemic intraventricular administration of FGF-2 expressing adenoviral vectors improves neurologic outcome and reduces infarct volume after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, 1205
protein ubiquitination in postsynaptic densities after transient cerebral ischemia, 1219
Translation-state analysis
translation-state analysis of gene expression in mouse brain after focal ischemia, 657
Translational control
translation-state analysis of gene expression in mouse brain after focal ischemia, 657
Traumatic brain injury
caspase inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk attenuates calpain and necrotic cell death in vitro and after traumatic brain injury, 1119
cerebral vascular and metabolic response to sustained systemic inflammation in ovine traumatic brain injury, 1400
changes in TrkB-ERK1/2-CREB/Elk-1 pathways in hippocampal mossy fiber organization after traumatic brain injury, 934
the chemokine fractalkine in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and a mouse model of closed head injury, 1110
defining ischemic burden after traumatic brain injury using 15O PET imaging of cerebral physiology, 191
incidence and mechanisms of cerebral ischemia in early clinical head injury, 202
pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma: similarities and differences, 133
relationship between flow-metabolism uncoupling and evolving axonal injury after experimental traumatic brain injury, 1025
Traumatic penumbra
incidence and mechanisms of cerebral ischemia in early clinical head injury, 202
Trigeminal ganglion
origin of PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the subarachnoidal blood vessels of the rat brain, 628
TrkB-ERK1/2-CREB/Elk-1 pathway
changes in TrkB-ERK1/2-CREB/Elk-1 pathways in hippocampal mossy fiber organization after traumatic brain injury, 934
Turtle brain
anoxia tolerant brains, 475
the upregulation of cognate and inducible heat shock proteins in the anoxic turtle brain, 826
Ubiquitin
protein ubiquitination in postsynaptic densities after transient cerebral ischemia, 1219
Ultrasonography
cerebral hemodynamic reserve and early neurologic deterioration in acute ischemic stroke, 1267
solid or gaseous circulating brain emboli: are they separable by transcranial ultrasound?, 860
Uncoupled protein isoforms
quantitative RT-PCR analysis of uncoupled protein isoforms in mouse brain cortex: methodological optimization and comparison of expression with brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, 780
Uncoupling
relationship between flow-metabolism uncoupling and evolving axonal injury after experimental traumatic brain injury, 1025
valproate is neuroprotective against malonate toxicity in rat striatum: an association with augmentation of high-affinity glutamate uptake, 1226
Vascular adaptation
induction of tolerance to focal ischemia in rat brain: dissociation between cortical lesioning and spreading depression, 1167
Vascular adhesion molecules
brain metabolic alterations in patients with type 1 diabetes-hyperglycemia-induced injury, 1393
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
increased severity of cerebral ischemic injury in vascular endothelial growth factor-B-deficient mice, 1146
massive inborn angiogenesis in the brain scarcely raises cerebral blood flow, 849
neuroprotection of ischemic brain by vascular endothelial growth factor is critically dependent on proper dosage and may be compromised by angiogenesis, 693
signaling pathways for early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, 916
vascular endothelial growth factor induces abnormal microvasculature in the endoglin heterozygous mouse brain, 237
Vascular ion channels
molecular profile of vascular ion channels after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage, 75
Vascular occlusion
a model of global cerebral ischemia in C57 BL/6 mice, 151
Vascular oxidative stress
Aβ-induced vascular oxidative stress and attenuation of functional hyperemia in mouse somatosensory cortex, 334
Vascular reactivity
impaired vascular reactivity of isolated rat middle cerebral artery after cortical spreading depression in vivo, 526
Vascular recovery
sustained poststimulus elevation in cerebral oxygen utilization after vascular recovery, 764
Vascular remodeling
massive inborn angiogenesis in the brain scarcely raises cerebral blood flow, 849
Vascular resistance
cerebral vascular and metabolic response to sustained systemic inflammation in ovine traumatic brain injury, 1400
VASO-BOLD labeling
sustained poststimulus elevation in cerebral oxygen utilization after vascular recovery, 764
Vasoconstriction
EP1- and EP3-receptors mediate prostaglandin E2-induced constriction of porcine large cerebral arteries, 1305
Vasodilation
impaired vascular reactivity of isolated rat middle cerebral artery after cortical spreading depression in vivo, 526
Vasomotion
spontaneous low-frequency oscillations decline in the aging brain, 1183
Vasospasm
the phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol dilates large cerebral arteries in humans without affecting regional cerebral blood flow, 1352
Viability thresholds
dynamic tracking of acute ischemic tissue fates using improved unsupervised ISODATA analysis of high-resolution quantitative perfusion and diffusion data, 887
effects of reperfusion on ADC and CBF pixel-by-pixel dynamics in stroke: characterizing tissue fates using quantitative diffusion and perfusion imaging, 290
Video microscopy
capillary flow and diameter changes during reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia studied by intravital video microscopy, 383
negative functional response to sensory stimulation and its origins, 703
White matter injury
window of opportunity of cerebral hypothermia for postischemic white matter injury in the near-term fetal sheep, 877
Windkessel theory
a model of the dynamic relationship between blood flow and volume changes during brain activation, 1382
Wistar rats
characterization of a novel chronic photothrombotic ring stroke model in rats by magnetic resonance imaging, biochemical imaging, and histology, 789
Wld gene
neuroprotection after transient global cerebral ischemia in WldS mutant mice, 62
Wortmannin injection
up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contributes to ischemic tolerance in the CA1 subfield of gerbil hippocampus, 271
z-DEVD-fmk
caspase inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk attenuates calpain and necrotic cell death in vitro and after traumatic brain injury, 1119
Zonula occludentes
interleukin-1β and prostaglandin E2 on prostaglandin D synthase production in cultivated rat leptomeningeal cells, 409