Developments in teaching and learning have implications for every orthodontist. This paper describes some of the theories of teaching and learning that have led to a quiet revolution in higher education. Developments have included the incorporation of self-directed and problem-based learning concepts, together with a more active and interactive role for the learner. The importance of these changes for orthodontic education is discussed.
SchonD.Educating the Reflective Practitioner: toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1987.
13.
HoneyP, MumfordA.The Manual of Learning Styles. Maidenhead: Peter Honey, 1982.
14.
BanduraA.Social Foundations of Thought and Action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1986.
15.
KemberDA reconceptualisation of the research into university academics' conceptions of teaching. Learning and Instruction1997; 7: 255–275.
16.
SquiresG.New Model of Teaching and Training. Hull: Geof Squires, 1994.
17.
SchmidtHG, DauphineeDG, PatelVLComparing the effects of problem-based and conventional curriculum in an international sample. J Med Educ1987; 62: 305–315.
18.
NormanGR, SchmidtHGThe psychological basis of problem-based learning: a review of the evidence. Acta Med1992; 67: 557–565.
19.
BearnD, ChadwickSM, SackvilleAOrthodontic undergraduate education: assessment in a modern curriculum. Eur J Dent Educ2002 (in press).