A group of proteins including expansins, swollenins, and polysaccharide monooxygenases are non-hydrolytic cellulose active proteins (NHCAPs), which have been shown to enhance significantly cellulase-driven plant cell wall hydrolysis at reduced protein loadings. NHCAP-mediated enhancement of cellulase cocktails makes them important accessories in the molecular toolbox for producing fuels and chemicals from lignocellulose. This review presents an overview of the fundamental research advances involving these groups of proteins and considers their applicability to processes in the ongoing pursuit of an economically viable biorefinery.
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