DNA base editors, comprising nucleotide deaminases and catalytically impaired Cas9 nickase, have been widely used in various organisms for the efficient creation of point mutations, providing researchers with powerful tools in precise genome editing. However, they have been limited by the scope of the editing. The discovery and engineering of various CRISPR-Cas systems, especially SpCas9 variants xCas9, Cas9-NG, and Cas9-SpRY, have diversified the range of targetable DNA sequences and expanded the targeting scope of genomic base editing. To understand the editing properties comprehensively, we conducted an analysis of the editing properties of adenine base editors and cytosine base editors with xCas9, Cas9-NG, and Cas9-SpRY at endogenous sites with NGN protospacer adjacent motifs (PAM). Then, human genetic disease–associated DNA point mutations were installed at a single site or at dual sites with NGH PAM using base editors with SpCas9-NG (ABEmax-NG and Anc-BE4max-NG [BEs-NG]) in cultured human cell lines. Finally, the editing properties of BEs-NG in discarded human tripronuclear embryos were characterized. This study investigated the editing properties of DNA base editors with a relaxed PAM requirement and demonstrated the potential of BEs-NG in human genetic disease–related research and treatment.
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