Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1,Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1,and Soluble Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease Undergoing Treatment with Somatostatin Analogues

Abstract

The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to investigate the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and soluble interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1RA) in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) before and 1 and 3 months after treatment with somatostatin analogues (SM-a). Thirty patients, all with signs and symptoms of TED, were studied. Twenty-two patients (13 females) had active eye disease with a clinical activity score (CAS) ≥ 4 (patients with active disease [PA]) and 8 patients (5 females) had inactive TED with CAS ≤ 3 (patients with inactive disease [PI]). All PA patients had a positive orbital octreoscan, whereas PI patients had a negative one. Fifteen patients from the PA group were selected randomly and received SM-a (PAS subgroup), while the remaining 7 patients were used as control subgroup (PA-C), received neither therapy, nor placebo. From the 15 patients who received SM-a (PA-S), 6 received octreotide (OCT) and 9 lanreotide (LRT). TED was reevaluated using the CAS 1 and 3 months after the initiation of SM-a treatment. Ten healthy individuals (6 females) were used as controls (group C). We found an increase in the basal levels of TNF-α (14.2 ± 7.1 pg/mL), sICAM-1 (809.1 ± 167.0 ng/mL), and sIL-1RA (542.1 ± 259.0 pg/mL) in PA patients as a total group compared with the PI (1.6 ± 1.9, 676.8 ± 73.4, 267.6 ± 152.8, respectively) group and C (1.9 ± 1.4, 598.0 ± 126.2, 258.6 ± 155.1, respectively). The basal levels of TNF-α (13.3 ± 8.3 pg/mL) and sIL-1RA (533.7 ± 308.9 pg/mL) in PA-S as well as in PA-C (16.0 ± 2.9, 560.2 ± 107.3, respectively) subgroups were also increased compared with PI patients and C (1.9 ± 1.4 and 258.6 ± 155.1, respectively). The same was true for sICAM-1 when baseline levels compared with C (817.1 ± 187.3 and 791.9 ± 123.5, respectively vs. 598.0 ± 126.2 ng/mL). After SM-a, serum levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were decreased significantly 1 (781.2 ± 205.9, 1,193.5 ± 511.8 ng/mL) and 3 months (786.8± 199.6, 1,122.1 ± 225.3 ng/mL) after the initiation of treatment. In conclusion, serum levels of TNF-α, sICAM-1, and sIL-1RA were elevated in patients with active TED compared to controls. Furthermore, sICAM-1 and sVICAM-1 levels declined during the treatment with SM-a in patients with active TED.