Potentiation of GABA A Currents after Mechanical Injury of Cortical Neurons

Abstract

Numerous studies have implicated glutamate receptors, glutamate neurotoxicity, and hyperexcitation in the pathobiology of traumatic brain injury, yet much less is known about the effects of neurotrauma on inhibitory GABA channels of the brain. Using an in vitro cell injury model, we tested whether mild stretch injury altered the GABA_A currents of cultured rat cortical neurons. The application of 1-100 μM GABA to single pyramidal neurons voltage clamped to -60 mV activated an inward current that reversed near 0 mV in solutions containing symmetrical [Cl^-]. This current was inhibited by bicuculline, consistent with mediation by GABA_A receptor channels. In injured neurons, 50 μM GABA elicited a peak current density of 41.2 ± 2.6 pA/pF (n = 82), which was significantly larger than in uninjured control neurons, 20.2 ± 1.7 pA/pF (n = 69, p < 0.01). The GABA_A currents of injured neurons did not differ from those of control neurons in their sensitivity to GABA or their reversal potentials, suggesting that GABA current potentiation did not result from changes in the agonist affinity or ionic selectivity of the channels. GABA current potentiation was prevented by injuring neurons in the presence of the NMDA antagonist APV, or the CaMKII inhibitor KN93. These results thus suggest that NMDA receptor activation following neuronal injury may potentiate GABA_A channels through the activation of CaMKII. The increase in GABA_A receptor function observed following injury could potentially contribute to dysfunctional synaptic function and information processing as well as unconsciousness and coma following human brain trauma.