Investigation of the reduction roasting of saprolite ores in the Caron process: effect of sulphur addition

Abstract

Laboratory studies have been undertaken to determine the mechanisms and kinetics of reactions occurring during the reduction roasting of saprolite ores with 1 wt% elemental sulphur addition. The reduction was undertaken using a 15%H₂/85%N₂ gas mixture at temperatures between 400 and 800°C; nickel was recovered by subsequent leaching in an ammoniacial aqueous solution. The effect of sulphur on dehydroxylation, reduction and sintering was investigated. Improvements in nickel recoveries were obtained when 1 wt% S was added to the nickel-bearing serpentine ore prior to the reduction roasting. Characterisation of the reduced and leached ore samples indicated that this improved Ni recovery with S addition is due to the formation of a leachable nickel sulphide phase, and the suppression of sintering and recrystallisation of the olivine phase formed at high reduction temperatures.