A Hidden Side of Norplant

Painter K : As perfect a method as you can have, USA TODA Y, 12/6/90 (cover story).

Little HM : No panacea: Norplant suit charges failure to educate patients, Chicago Tribune, 10/31/93, Section 6, p 1.

NORPLANT SYSTEM, prescribing information, Wyeth Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA 19101, December, 1990

Oral Contraceptives, in Drug Facts and Comparisons, Facts and Comparisions, St. Louis, MO, 1993, pp 377-381.

Murad F , Haynes RC : Estrogens and Progestins, in Gilman AG , Goodman LS , Rall TW , Murad F , (eds): Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York, Macmillan, 1985, pp 1412–1439.

Speroff L : The formulation of oral contraceptives: does the amount of estrogen make any clinical difference? Johns Hopkins Medical Journal 1982; 150: 1970–1976.

The most recent innovation in birth control. NORPLANT SYSTEM informational booklet. Wyeth, December 10, 1990.

Seley v. GD Searle and Co., Nos. 80-336, 80-360, Supreme Court of Ohio, July 15, 1981.

Turner R : Hormonal implants prove to be highly acceptable, although nearly all users experience side effects. Family Planning Perspectives 1990; 22(5): 234–235.

Smith S : Physicians prepare for arrival of revolutionary birth control. The Miami Herald (Broward Local), 3/9/91.

Rosenbaum C : Norplant not for everyone: some women feel side effects. The Washington Times, 12/6/92, p A9.

Singleton-Yatawara G , Archer DF : Use of ethinyl estradiol (EE) to stop the prolonged bleeding associated with Norplant. Abstract 0-115 from the 1992 meeting of the American Fertility Society.

Mechcatie E : Estradiol found to stem Norplant-related bleeding in small study. Ob Gyn News 1/1/93, p 23.

Norplant may be good choice for teens, Ob Gyn News, 1/1/92, p. 2.

Corxatto HB , Diaz S , Pavez M , Miranda P , Brandeis A : Plasma progesterone levels during long-term treatment with levonorgestrel silastic implants, Acta Endocrinologica 1982; 101: 307–311.

Brache V , Faundes A , Johansson E , Alvarez F : Anovulation, inadequate luteal phase and poor sperm penetration in cervical mucus during prolonged use of Norplant implants. Contraception 1985; 31(3): 261–273.

Brache V , Alvarez-Sanchez F , Faundes A , Tejada AS , Cochon L : Ovarian endocrine function through five years of continuous treatment with Norplant subdermal contraceptive implants. Contraception 1990; 41(2): 169–177.

Shaaban MM , Segal S , Salem HT , Ghaneimah SA , Khalifa E-AM , Ahmed A-G : Sonographic assessment of ovarian and endometrial changes during long-term Norplant use and their correlation with hormonal levels. Fertility and Sterility 1993; 59(5): 998–1002.

Croxatto HB , Diaz S , Salvatierra AM , Morales P , Ebensperger C , Brandeis A : Treatment with Norplant subdermal implants inhibits sperm penetration through cervical mucus in vitro. Contraception 1987; 36(2): 193–201.

Croxatto HD , Diaz S , Pavez M , Croxatto HB : Histopathology of the Endometrium During Continuous Use of Levonorgestrel, in Zatuchni GL , Goldsmith A , Shelton JD , Sciarra JJ , (eds): Long acting contraceptive delivery systems. Philadelphia, Harper and Row, 1984, pp 290–295.

Segal SJ , Alvarez-Sanchez F , Brache V , Faundes A , Vilja P , Tuohimaa P : Norplant implants: the mechanism of contraceptive action. Fertilization and Sterility 1991; 56: 273–277.

Litt IF : Adolecent medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association 1991; 265(23): 3100–3101.

Norplant considered good option for many teens. Ob Gyn News 6/1/92, p 24.

Clinics policy on implant. The Washington Post 4/5/91.

School clinics in Baltimore to offer Norplant. Dayton Daily News (New York Times News Service) 12/4/92.

Hanson G : Norplant joins war on teen pregnancy. Insight 3/8/93; 9(10): 6–11, 34-35.

Valentine PW : Baltimore eyes study of Norplant. The Washington Post 1/26/93.

Neuhaus RJ : The wrong way to go. National Review 2/1/93, p 53.

Even with Norplant, protecting teens not easy. Dayton Daily News 12/14/92.

Baltimore's lead in contraception. New York Times 12/14/92.

Brown SJ : Baltimore schools to assess Norplant's impact on teen sexual behavior. Ob Gyn News 3/1/93, p 2.

Highest rate of gonorrhea infection in teen girls; increasing in children. Dayton Daily News (Associated Press) 8/20/93.

Squires S : The price of Norplant. Washington Post Health 11/16/93, p 9.

Stuckey T : Free-birth-control plan is unexpected hit. The Washington Times (Metro) 12/15/93.

Funds offered for poor to obtain birth control. The Washington Times 4/26/91, p A2.

The Norplant Foundation, P.O. Box 25223, Alexandria, VA 22314-25223. Phone: (703) 706-5933.

Booth W : Judge orders birth control implant in defendant. The Washington Post 1/5/91, p A1.

McEnroe P : Birth control sentence stirs ire. Rocky Mountain News 7/16/91, p 4.

Judge removes himself in birth control case. New york Times 4/15/91, p A13.

Lewin T : Implanted birth control device renews debate over forced contraception. New York Times (National) 1/10/91, p A13.

Lev M : Judge is firm on forced contraception, but welcomes an appeal. New York Times (National) 1/11/91, p A17.

Gardner M : Birth control by law. Christian Science Monitor 1/15/91, p 15.

MacKenzie JP : Whose choice is it anyway? New York Times 1/28/91, p A22.

Fein B : This birth-control sentence is correct. USA Today, 2/4/91, p 8A.

Pine RN : Don't force birth control on women. USA Today, 2/4/91, p 8A.

Allen C : Norplant-birth control of coercion? Wall Street Journal 9/13/91, p A10.

Kever J , and Villafranca A : Judge orders mom to get birth control. San Antonio Light 10/3/91.

Schwartz M : Duke presses Louisana birth control. The Washington Post 5/29/91, p A14.

Thies CF : Thinking about Norplant. The Free Market 9(11): November, 1991. Ludwig von Mises Institute, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5301.

Richardson V : California to give welfare women the latest hormone contraceptive. The Washington Times 2/22/92. p 1.

Panel ok's scholarships for birth control. The Washington Times 4/17/92, p. A2.

Szczepanowski R : Maryland governor addresses lawmakers: Schaefer's Norplant suggestion criticized. Catholic Standard 1/21/93, p 5.

Mechatie E : Norplant generating controversy in Md.: gov. suggests forced use in welfare moms. Ob Gyn News 3/1/93, p 2.

Ohio 119th General Assembly, House Bill 819, 1991-1992.

Board of Trustees, American Medical Association: Requirements or incentives by government for the use of long-acting contraceptives. Journal of the American Medical Association 1992; 267(13): 1818–1821.

Gomes dos Reis AR : Norplant in Brazil: implantation strategy in the guise of scientific research. Issues in Reproductive and Genetic Engineering 1990; 3(2): 111–118.

Ubinig: Research report Norplant, the five year needle: an investigation of the Norplant trial in Bangladesh from the user's perspective. Issues in Reproductive and Genetic Engineering 1990; 3(3): 211–228.

Hopkins E : Fertility police. Mirabella June, 1991, p 103–106.

Ubinig : ‘The price of Norplant is TK 2000! You cannot remove it.’ Clients are refused removal in Norplant trial in Bangladesh. Issues in Reproductive and Genetic Engineering 1991; 4(1): 45–46.

Todd D : Walking time bombs: birth control implant can lead to sudden death. The Toronto Star 12/28/91, p H10.

Bacon KH : U.S. birth control r&d lags. Wall Street Journal 2/13/90.

Jane Doe, Annrita Garcia, Mary Roe, and Leticia Walker v. Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories. No. 93 L 11096 (Filed 11/5/93). Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois.

Dalkon Shield fund set at $2.5 billion. Dayton Daily News (Associated Press) 12/12/87.

IUD-claims fund clears way for merger. Dayton Daily News (Associated Press) 3/17/88.

IUD manufacturer G.D. Searle and Co. found negligent. The Wanderer, 9/29/88.

Costly lawsuit. American Druggist (Teleflashes) October, 1988.

Boodman SG : $4.75 billion proposed for breast-implant cases. Washington Post Health, 9/21/93, p 7.

Twickler DM , Schwarz BE : Imaging of the levonorgestrel implantable contraceptive device. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1992; 167(2): 572–573.

Mechcatie E : Norplant capsules can be difficult to remove; otherproblems cited. Ob Gyn New 5/1/93, p 2 and Mechcatie E: Problems cropping up in Norplant users. Family Practice News 5/1/93.