Using a method of successive discrimination, 10 toads (Bufo bufo), were trained to discriminate between horizontal and vertical rectangles each 5.0 ± 7.5 cm. After training, one optic nerve was severed in certain animals and the stumps pushed well apart to delay regeneration. The non-operated animals retained their learning over the rest-period of 10 weeks at a level similar to training. The animals with one eye showed considerably less retention than the non-operated animals.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BuytenijkF. J. J. (1918). Instinct de la récherche de nid et experience chez les crapauds (Bufo vulgaris et Bufo calamita). Arch, néerl. Physiol.2, 1–50.
2.
CurtisC. (1913). Responses of young toads to light and contact. J. anim. Behav.3, 179–214.
3.
FranzV. (1927). Zur tierpsychologischen stellung von Rana temporara und Bufo calamita. Biol. Zbl.47, 1–12.
4.
GazeR. M. (1960). Regeneration of the optic nerve in amphibia. Int. Rev. Neurobiol.2, 1–40.
5.
LettvinJ. Y.MaturanaH. R.McCullochW. S.PittsW. H. (1959). What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain. Proc. I.R.E. (Inst. Radio Engrs.)47, 1940–51.
6.
LettvinJ. Y.MaturanaH. R.McCullochW. S.PittsW. H. (1960). Anatomy and physiology of vision in the frog (Rana pipiens). J. gen. Physiol.43, 129–75.
7.
PacheJ. (1932). Formensinn bei Froschen. Z. vergl. Physiol.17, 423–63.
8.
SutherlandN. S. (1961). The Methods and Findings of Experiments on the Visual Discrimination of Shape by Animals E.P.S. Monogr. No. 1. Cambridge.
9.
YerkesR. M. (1903). The instincts, habits and reactions of the green frog. I. Associative processes of the green frog. Psychol. Rev. Monogr. Suppl. IV579–97.
