The enhancement of surface acidity for tungsten-doped CeTiOx was investigated through electronic structure. Tungsten doping increased the ratio of Ce3+ from 12.0% to 29.6%, which was confirmed by XPS. The doped tungsten was present as W5+ in a ratio of 71.5%. In O K-edge XAS spectra, increase in
indicated the formation of oxygen vacancies through tungsten doping. The decrease in W 5d-eg peak intensity demonstrated the occupation of the W 5d orbital by electrons formed at the oxygen vacancies. The enrichment of W5+ was owing to transfer of electrons to 5d-eg orbital of tungsten rather than to cerium ions. The acid sites were analysed using FTIR and NH3-TPD. The peak intensity of Brønsted acid sites and amount of NH3 desorption increased from 66.2 to 136.1 µmol g−1 with tungsten doping. The doped tungsten formed Brønsted acid sites and led to enhanced surface acidity and catalytic activity.
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indicated the formation of oxygen vacancies through tungsten doping. The decrease in W 5d-eg peak intensity demonstrated the occupation of the W 5d orbital by electrons formed at the oxygen vacancies. The enrichment of W5+ was owing to transfer of electrons to 5d-eg orbital of tungsten rather than to cerium ions. The acid sites were analysed using FTIR and NH3-TPD. The peak intensity of Brønsted acid sites and amount of NH3 desorption increased from 66.2 to 136.1 µmol g−1 with tungsten doping. The doped tungsten formed Brønsted acid sites and led to enhanced surface acidity and catalytic activity.