In this paper, the effect of Bi2O3 additive on dielectric properties of BaTiO3-based ceramics was investigated for improving energy density. When x = 0.05, the created defect dipoles in BT–BN system achieved a balance in the system with the minimum value of Pr. Because of the created dipole, the long-range dipolar interaction was interrupted and the weak couplings of the defect dipoles were formed. Energy storage density achieved the maximum values of 0.68 J cm−3 with energy efficiency 91.5% in 0.95BaTiO3–Bi0.05Nb0.05O4. The nonlinearity was suppressed obviously with low Pr, which was good for in lead-free relaxor materials for the energy storage applications.
YuH, ZhangJ, WeiM, Enhanced energy storage density performance in (Pb0.97La0.02)(Zr0.5Sn0.44Ti0.06)–BiYO3 anti-ferroelectric composite ceramics. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 2017;28(1):832–838. doi: 10.1007/s10854-016-5597-8
3.
ZhangY, HuangJ, MaT, Sintering temperature dependence of energy-storage properties in (Ba,Sr)TiO3 glass-ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 2011;94(6):1805–1810. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04301.x
4.
ShayDP, PodrazaNJ, DonnellyNJ, High energy density, high temperature capacitors utilizing Mn-doped 0.8CaTiO3–0.2CaHfO3 ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 2012;95(4):1348–1355. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04962.x
5.
JiangS, ZhangL, ZhangG, Effect of Zr:Sn ratio in the lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate anti-ferroelectric ceramics on energy storage properties. Ceram Int. 2013;39(5):5571–5575. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.12.071
6.
LiuJ, ZhangJ, WeiM, Dielectric properties of manganese-doped TiO2 with different alkali-free glass contents for energy storage application. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 2016;27(7):7680–7684. doi: 10.1007/s10854-016-4753-5
7.
GuoHY, LeiC, YeZG.Re-entrant type relaxor behavior in (1−x)BaTiO[sub 3]–xBiScO[sub 3] solid solution. Appl Phys Lett. 2008;92(17):172901. doi: 10.1063/1.2913208
8.
OgiharaH, RandallCA, Trolier-McKinstryS.High-energy density capacitors utilizing 0.7 BaTiO3-0.3 BiScO3 ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 2009;92(8):1719–1724. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03104.x
9.
OgiharaH, RandallCA, Trolier-McKinstryS.Weakly coupled relaxor behavior of BaTiO3-BiScO3 ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 2009;92(1):110–118. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02798.x
10.
LiuM, HaoH, ZhenY, Temperature stability of dielectric properties for xBiAlO3–(1−x)BaTiO3 ceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2015;35(8):2303–2311. doi: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.02.015
11.
WangY, PuY, ZhangP.Investigation of dielectric relaxation in BaTiO3 ceramics modified with BiYO3 by impedance spectroscopy. J Alloys Compd. 2015;653:596–603. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.09.012
ShenZ, WangX, LuoB, BaTiO3–BiYbO3 perovskite materials for energy storage applications. J Mater Chem A. 2015;3(35):18146–18153. doi: 10.1039/C5TA03614C
14.
YuanY, DuM, ZhangS, Effects of BiNbO4 on the microstructure and dielectric properties of BaTiO3-based ceramics. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 2009;20(2):157–162. doi: 10.1007/s10854-008-9674-5
15.
WuS, WeiX.Effect of Bi2O3 additive on the microstructure and dielectric properties of BaTiO_3-based ceramics sintered at lower temperature. J Mater Sci Technol. 2010;26(5):472–476. doi: 10.1016/S1005-0302(10)60075-8
16.
YoungA, HilmasG, ZhangSC, Effect of liquid-phase sintering on the breakdown strength of barium titanate. J Am Ceram Soc. 2007;90:1504–1510. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01637.x
17.
ChenR, WangX, LiL, Effects of Nb/Co ratio on the dielectric properties of BaTiO3-based X7R ceramics. Mater Sci Eng B. 2003;99:298–301. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5107(02)00554-8
18.
WangS, ZhangS, ZhouX, Investigation on dielectric properties of BaTiO3 co-doped with Ni and Nb. Mater Lett. 2006;60:909–911. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2005.10.043
19.
HahnDW, HanYH.Quantitative analysis of oxidation–reduction behavior of Mn-doped BaTiO3. Ceram Int. 2008;34:1341–1344. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2007.02.005
20.
ShannonR, PrewittC.Effective ionic radii in oxides and fluorides. Acta Crystallogr. 1969;25(5):925–946. doi: 10.1107/S0567740869003220
21.
MccoyM, LeeW, GrimesR, Analysis of planar defects in Nb2O5- and Bi2O3-doped BaTiO3 ceramics. J Mater Sci. 1998;33(24):5759–5771. doi: 10.1023/A:1004485511538
22.
ZhangQ, LiZ, LiF, Structural and dielectric properties of Bi (Mg1/2Ti1/2)O3-BaTiO3 lead-free ceramics. J Am Ceram Soc. 2011;94:4335–4339. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04695.x
23.
ZhangN, LiL, ChenJ, ZnO-doped BaTiO3-Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-Nb2O5-based ceramics with temperature-stable high permittivity from-55°C to 375°C. Mater Lett. 2015;138:228–230. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.09.123
24.
RandallC, OgiharaH, KimJ, IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. Washington (DC): IEEE; 2009. p. 346–351.
25.
NeuselC, SchneiderGA.Size-dependence of the dielectric breakdown strength from nano- to millimeter scale. J Mech Phys Solids. 2014;63:201–213. doi: 10.1016/j.jmps.2013.09.009
