The influences of the rust layer on the passivation and corrosion of Q235b carbon steel in simulated concrete pore solution were studied. The differences between the inner and outer rust layer were characterized. Results show that the pre-rusted samples could still reach passive state at high pH condition free of chloride ions. However, the quality of the passive film formed on the pre-rusted steel were dramatically lower than that formed on the fine polished steel. The pitting corrosion resistance of the pre-rusted steel was significantly higher than that of the fine polished steel in the chloride-containing pore solution. The pitting corrosion potential would be further promoted after the elimination of the outer rust layer. The reaction between the hydrogen ions and the rust layer could inhibit the pitting initiation. Furthermore, the consumption of the corrosive agents induced by the rust layer could further retard the area expansion of the pits.
GreenWK.Steel reinforcement corrosion in concrete – an overview of some fundamentals. Corros Eng Sci Technol. 2020; 55: 289–302.
2.
AiZJiangJSunW. Enhanced passivation of alloy corrosion-resistant steel Cr10Mo1 under carbonation-passive film formation, the kinetics and mechanism analysis. Cem Concr Compos. 2018; 92: 178–187.
3.
WilliamsonJIsgorOB.The effect of simulated concrete pore solution composition and chlorides on the electronic properties of passive films on carbon steel rebar. Corros Sci. 2016; 106: 82–95.
4.
ShiJMingJSunW. Corrosion performance of reinforcing steel in concrete under simultaneous flexural load and chlorides attack. Constr Build Mater. 2017; 149: 315–326.
5.
YeCHuRDongS. EIS analysis on chloride-induced corrosion behavior of reinforcement steel in simulated carbonated concrete pore solutions. J Electroanal Chem. 2013; 688: 275–281.
6.
GonzálezJAndradeCCarbonationEo.Chlorides and relative ambient humidity on the corrosion of galvanized rebars embedded in concrete. Br Corros J. 2013; 17 (1): 21–28.
7.
SaremiMMahallatiE.A study on chloride-induced depassivation of mild steel in simulated concrete pore solution. Cem Concr Res. 2002; 32 (12): 1915–1921.
8.
ChenZXHuHXGuoXM. Effect of groove depth on the slurry erosion of V-shaped grooved surfaces. Wear. 2022; 488-489: 204133.
9.
TanYTWijesingheSLBlackwoodDJ.The inhibitive effect of bicarbonate and carbonate ions on carbon steel in simulated concrete pore solution. Corros Sci. 2014; 88: 152–160.
10.
XuYHeLYangL.Electrochemical study of steel corrosion in saturated calcium hydroxide solution with chloride ions and sulfate ions. Corrosion. 2018; 74 (10): 1063–1082.
11.
LiKQYangLJXuYZ. Influence of SO42- on the corrosion behavior of Q235B steel Bar in simulated pore solution. Acta Metall Sin. 2019; 55 (4): 457–468.
12.
American Concrete Institute. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary, ACI 318-14.
13.
Martinez-EchevarriaMJLopez-AlonsoMCantero RomeroD. Influence of the previous state of corrosion of rebars in predicting the service life of reinforced concrete structures. Constr Build Mater. 2018; 188: 915–923.
14.
LiLSagüésAA.Chloride corrosion threshold of reinforcing steel in alkaline solutions—cyclic polarization behavior. Corrosion. 2002; 58 (4): 305–316.
15.
GonzálezJAMirandaJMOteroE. Effect of electrochemically reactive rust layers on the corrosion of steel in a Ca(OH)2 solution. Corros Sci. 2007; 49 (2): 436–448.
16.
GonzálezJARamírezEBautistaA. The behaviour of pre-rusted steel in concrete. Cem Concr Res. 1996; 26 (3): 501–511.
17.
NovakPMalaRJoskaL.Influence of pre-rusting on steel corrosion in concrete. Cem Concr Res. 2001; 31 (4): 589–593.
18.
LiLSagüésAA.Chloride corrosion threshold of reinforcing steel in alkaline solutions—open-circuit immersion tests. Corrosion. 2001; 57 (1): 19–28.
19.
Al-TayyibAJKhanMSAllamIM.Corrosion behavior of pre-rusted rebars after placement in concrete. Cem Concr Res. 1990; 20 (6): 955–960.
20.
MaslehuddinMAl-ZahraniMMAl-DulaijanSU. Effect of steel manufacturing process and atmospheric corrosion on the corrosion-resistance of steel bars in concrete. Cem Concr Compos. 2002; 24 (1): 151–158.
21.
YuHChiangKKYangL.Threshold chloride level and characteristics of reinforcement corrosion initiation in simulated concrete pore solutions. Constr Build Mater. 2012; 26 (1): 723–729.
22.
RoccaEFaizHDillmannP. Electrochemical behavior of thick rust layers on steel artefact: mechanism of corrosion inhibition. Electrochim Acta. 2019; 316: 219–227.
23.
de la FuenteDAlcántaraJChicoB. Characterisation of rust surfaces formed on mild steel exposed to marine atmospheres using XRD and SEM/Micro-Raman techniques. Corros Sci. 2016; 110: 253–264.
24.
DuboisFMendibideCPagnierT. Raman mapping of corrosion products formed onto spring steels during salt spray experiments. A correlation between the scale composition and the corrosion resistance. Corros Sci. 2008; 50 (12): 3401–3409.
25.
ASTM G50-10(Reapproved 2015). Standard practice for conducting atmospheric corrosion tests on metals. West Conshohocken, PA 19428-12959, United States.
26.
ASTM G85-11. Standard practice for modified salt spray (fog) testing. West Conshohocken, PA 19428-12959, United States.
27.
AlcántaraJChicoBDíazI. Airborne chloride deposit and its effect on marine atmospheric corrosion of mild steel. Corros Sci. 2015; 97: 74–88.
28.
DongZHShiWZhangGA. The role of inhibitors on the repassivation of pitting corrosion of carbon steel in synthetic carbonated concrete pore solution. Electrochim Acta. 2011; 56 (17): 5890–5897.
29.
SoltisJ.Passivity breakdown, pit initiation and propagation of pits in metallic materials – review. Corros Sci. 2015; 90: 5–22.
30.
TanY.Understanding the effects of electrode inhomogeneity and electrochemical heterogeneity on pitting corrosion initiation on bare electrode surfaces. Corros Sci. 2011; 53 (5): 1845–1864.
FrankelGSTianshuLScullyJR.Localized corrosion: passive film breakdown vs pit growth stability. J Electrochem Soc. 2017; 164 (4): C180–C181.
33.
ChengYFLuoJL.Electronic structure and pitting susceptibility of passive film on carbon steel. Electrochim Acta. 1999; 44 (17): 2947–2957.
34.
GalveleJR.Transport processes and the mechanism of pitting of metals. J Electrochem Soc. 1976; 123 (4): 464–474.
35.
DingJTangBLiM. Difference in the characteristics of the rust layers on carbon steel and their corrosion behavior in an acidic medium: limiting factors for cleaner pickling. J Clean Prod. 2017; 142: 2166–2176.
