The characteristics of pitting corrosion of Type 304L stainless steel (SS) exposed to highly concentrated chloride solutions were studied through the evaluation of the corrosion potential, the pitting potential, the structure of the passive layer and the statistics of pitting depth and density. Both as-received and weld metal samples were studied. The weld metal sample was machined from the welding zone of a butt weld of Type 304L SS. The results showed an accelerated anodic dissolution and depressed film resistance at the welding zone, but no dramatic change on pitting corrosion was observed from the statistics of pitting during the test duration up to 720 h. The pitting corrosion resistance was significantly affected by the chloride concentration and slightly affected by the temperature under the investigated conditions.
ChandraKKainVRajaVS. Low temperature thermal ageing embrittlement of austenitic stainless steel welds and its electrochemical assessment. Corros Sci. 2012; 54: 278–290. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2011.09.031
2.
WangYQLiNYangB. Effect of ferrite on pitting corrosion of Fe20Cr9Ni cast austenite stainless steel for nuclear power plant pipe. Corros Eng Sci Technol. 2015; 50: 330–337. doi: 10.1179/1743278214Y.0000000229
3.
MayuzumiMTaniJAraiT. Chloride induced stress corrosion cracking of candidate canister materials for dry storage of spent fuel. Nucl Eng Des. 2008; 238: 1227–1232. doi: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.03.038
4.
WangLKangBGaoN. Corrosion behaviours of austenitic stainless steel as a function of methanol concentration for direct methanol fuel cell bipolar plate. J Power Sources. 2014; 253: 332–341. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.12.043
5.
YangYGuoLLiuH. Influence of fluoride ions on corrosion performance of 316L stainless steel as bipolar plate material in simulated PEMFC anode environments. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2012; 37: 1875–1883. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.06.088
6.
EvansTOlsonJBhatV. Corrosion of stainless steel battery components by bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide based ionic liquid electrolytes. J Power Sources. 2014; 269: 616–620. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.047
7.
CainesSKhanFShirokoffJ. Analysis of pitting corrosion on steel under insulation in marine environments. J Loss Prev Proc Indus. 2013; 26: 1466–1483. doi: 10.1016/j.jlp.2013.09.010
8.
RamyaSAnitaTShaikhH. Laser Raman microscopic studies of passive films formed on type 316LN stainless steels during pitting in chloride solution. Corros Sci. 2010; 52: 2114–2121. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2010.02.028
9.
AlmarshadALJamalD. Electrochemical investigations of pitting corrosion behaviour of type UNS S31603 stainless steel in thiosulfate-chloride environment. J Appl Electrochem. 2004; 34: 67–70. doi: 10.1023/B:JACH.0000005579.84264.73
10.
KudoKTShibataGOkamotoG. Ellipsometric and radiotracer measurements of the passive oxide film on Fe in neutral solution. Corros Sci. 1968; 8: 809–814. doi: 10.1016/S0010-938X(68)80151-9
11.
OkamotoG. Passive film of 18-8 stainless steel structure and its function. Corros Sci. 1973; 13: 471–489. doi: 10.1016/0010-938X(73)90031-0
12.
GalveleJr. Transport processes in passivity breakdown-II. Full hydrolysis of the metal ions. Corros Sci. 1981; 21: 551–579. doi: 10.1016/0010-938X(81)90009-3
13.
XiongJYTanMYForsythM. The corrosion behaviors of stainless steel weldments in sodium chloride solution observed using a novel electrochemical measurement approach. Desalination. 2013; 327: 39–45. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2013.08.006
14.
IbrahimMAMAbd El RehimSSHamzaMM. Corrosion behaviors of some austenitic stainless steels in chloride environments. Mater Chem Phys. 2009; 115: 80–85. doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.11.016
15.
DongJZhouJWangH. An investigation of pitting initiation mechanism of 1Cr12Ni2W1Mo1 V steel after induction hardening. J Mater Sci. 2000; 35: 2653–2657. doi: 10.1023/A:1004733305804
16.
StrehblowHH. Mechanisms of pitting corrosion. In: MarcusPOudarJ, editors, Corrosion mechanisms in theory and practice. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1995, p. 201–237.
17.
HoarTPMearsDCRothwellGP. The relationships between anodic passivity, brightening and pitting. Corros Sci. 1965; 5: 279–289. doi: 10.1016/S0010-938X(65)90614-1
18.
BrooksARClaytonCRDossK. On the role of Cr in the passivity of stainless steel. J Electrochem Soc. 1986; 133: 2459–2464. doi: 10.1149/1.2108450
19.
AsaduzzamanMDMustafaCMIslamM. Effects of concentration of sodium chloride solution on the pitting corrosion behavior of AISI-304L austenitic stainless steel. Chem Ind Chem Eng Q. 2011; 17: 477–483. doi: 10.2298/CICEQ110406032A
20.
VelascoFBlancoGBautistaA. Effect of welding on local mechanical properties of stainless steels for concrete structures using universal hardness tests. Constr Build Mater. 2009; 23: 1883–1891. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.09.025
21.
LiLDongCFXiaoK. Effect of pH on pitting corrosion of stainless steel welds in alkaline salt water. Constr Build Mater. 2014; 68: 709–715. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.090
22.
DhanapalARajendra BoopathySBalasubramanianV. Influence of pH value, chloride ion concentration and immersion time on corrosion rate of friction stir welded AZ61A magnesium alloy weldments. J Alloy Compd. 2012; 523: 49–60. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.01.070
23.
XieYZhangJ. Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking of used nuclear fuel welded stainless steel canisters: A review. J Nucl Mater. 2015; 466: 85–93. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.07.043
24.
SatoYSKokawaH. Preferential precipitation site of sigma phase in duplex stainless steel weld metal. Scripta Mater. 1999; 40: 659–663. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6462(98)00483-7
25.
CortieMBJacksonEMLEM. Simulation of the precipitation of sigma phase in duplex stainless steels. Metall Mater Trans A. 1997; 28: 2477–2484. doi: 10.1007/s11661-997-0005-x
26.
LahaKChandravathiKSParameswaranP. Characterization of microstructures across the heat-affected zone of the modified 9Cr-1Mo weld joint to understand its role in promoting type IV cracking. Metall Mater Trans A. 2007; 38: 58–68. doi: 10.1007/s11661-006-9050-0
27.
ParkJHKimJKLeeBH. Three-dimensional atom probe analysis of intergranular segregation and precipitation behavior in Ti–Nb-stabilized low-Cr ferritic stainless steel. Scripta Mater. 2013; 68: 237–240. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.10.022
28.
QuadakkersWJŻurekJHänselM. Effect of water vapor on high temperature oxidation of FeCr alloys. JOM. 2009; 61: 44–50. doi: 10.1007/s11837-009-0102-y
29.
SahraniFKAzizMIbrahimZ. Open circuit potential study of stainless steel in environment containing marine sulphate-reducing bacteria. Sains Malays. 2008; 37: 359–364.
30.
LittleBWagnerPHartK. The role of metal-reducing bacteria in microbiologically influenced corrosion. Paper No. 215, Proc. NACE Corros. 97. Houston, TX: National Association of Corrosion Engineers International.
31.
FrankelG. Pitting corrosion of metals a review of the critical factors. J Electrochem Soc. 1998; 145: 2186–2198. doi: 10.1149/1.1838615
32.
EzuberHM. Influence of temperature on the pitting corrosion behavior of AISI 316L in chloride-CO2 (sat.) solutions. Mater Design. 2014; 59: 339–343. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2014.02.045
33.
MacdonaldDD. The point defect model for the passive state. J Electrochem Soc. 1992; 139: 3434–3449. doi: 10.1149/1.2069096
34.
ExartierCMaximovitchSBarouxB. Streaming potential measurements on stainless steels surfaces: evidence of a gel-like layer at the steel/electrolyte interface. Corros Sci. 2004; 46: 1777–1800. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2003.10.012
35.
AbreuCMCristóbalMJLosadaR. High frequency impedance spectroscopy study of passive films formed on AISI 316 stainless steel in alkaline medium. J Electroanal Chem. 2004; 572: 335–345. doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.01.015
