Presence of GO in PU muffles discharge of heat, smoke and CO and CO2 into atmosphere. The maximum improvement in mechanical properties achieved by including 2.0 wt-% of GO in PU framework, indicating an increase in tensile stress and elongation at break of 155.1% and 27.7% compared to PU. Primary temperature of thermal degradation of PU/GO nanocomposite increased by 36.5°C with 3.0 wt-% of GO. Charred yield of PU/GO composites augmented due to GOs’ physical hindrance which limits diffusion of flammable gas. Muffling effect of GO in danger of flame and smoke exposure of polymer composites decreased by introduction of 3.0 wt-% of GO. Uniform distribution of GOs within PU matrix formed a strong, twisted route and sticky char in PU/GO composites and delayed thermal deterioration process. Thereby, this work introduces an important method for improving thermal stability and fire protection of PU providing an effective application for coating industry.
ChenTBY, YuenACY, YeohGH, Fire risk assessment of combustible exterior cladding using a collective numerical database. Fire. 2019; 2 ( 1 ): 11.
2.
JingQ, LiuW, YongzhengPVVS, Chemical functionalization of graphene oxide for improving mechanical and thermal properties of polyurethane composites. Mater Des. 2015; 85: 808–814.
3.
WangX, XingW, SongL, Preparation of UV-curable functionalized graphene/polyurethane acrylate nanocomposite with enhanced thermal and mechanical behaviors. React Funct Polym. 2013; 73 ( 6 ): 854–858.
4.
YangH, YuB, SongP, Surface-coating engineering for flame retardant flexible polyurethane foams: a critical review. Compos B Eng. 2019; 176: 107185.
5.
XuW, ZhangB, XuB, The flame retardancy and smoke suppression effect of heptaheptamolybdate modified reduced graphene oxide/layered double hydroxide hybrids on polyurethane elastomer. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf. 2016; 91 ( Part 1 ): 30–40.
6.
ZhangL, JiaoH, JiuH, Thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of polyurethane/(3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane functionalized graphene/epoxy resin interpenetrating shape memory polymer composites. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf. 2016; 90: 286–295.
7.
MaziyarS, HassanS.Thermal, electrical and characterization effects of graphene on the properties of low-density polyethylene composites. Int J Plast Technol. 2018; 22: 234–246.
8.
PanH, LuY, SongL, Construction of layer-by-layer coating based on graphene oxide/β-FeOOH nanorods and its synergistic effect on improving flame retardancy of flexible polyurethane foam. Compos Sci Technol. 2016; 129 ( 6 ): 116–122.
9.
ZhouK, GuiZ, HuY, The influence of cobalt oxide–graphene hybrids on thermal degradation, fire hazards and mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composites. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf. 2016; 88: 10–18.
10.
DimitriosGP, RobertJY.Mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites. Prog Mater Sci. 2017; 90: 75–127.
11.
MadasamyT, KuanYH, PriyankVK, Graphene- and graphene oxide-based nanocomposite platforms for electrochemical biosensing applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20 ( 12 ): 2975.
12.
MaziyarS, HassanS, ErfanM.Effect of graphene and carbon Nanotube on Low-density Polyethylene nanocomposites. J Vinyl Addit Techn. 2018; 25: 1. DOI: 10.1002/vnl.21643
13.
ChenX, MaC, JiaoC.Enhancement of the flame-retardant performance of thermoplastic polyurethane with the incorporation of aluminum hypophosphite and iron-graphene. Polym Degrad Stab. 2016; 129: 275–285.
14.
CaiW, WangJ, PanY, Mussel-inspired functionalization of electrochemically exfoliated graphene: based on self-polymerization of dopamine and its suppression effect on the fire hazards and smoke toxicity of thermoplastic polyurethane. J Hazard Mater. 2018; 352: 57–69.
15.
MaziyarS, HassanS, HosseiniS.Effect of addition graphene to ethylene-vinyl acetate and low-density polyethylene. J Vinyl Addit Techn. 2018; 24: E177–E185.
16.
ZhangF, LiuW, WangS, A novel and feasible approach for polymer amine modified graphene oxide to improve water resistance, thermal, and mechanical ability of waterborne polyurethane. Appl Surf Sci. 2019; 491: 301–312.
17.
WangS, GaoR, ZhouK.The influence of cerium dioxide functionalized reduced graphene oxide on reducing fire hazards of thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2019; 536 ( 15 ): 127–134.
18.
ShiX, YangP, PengX, Bi-phase fire-resistant polyethylenimine/graphene oxide/melanin coatings using layer by layer assembly technique: smoke suppression and thermal stability of flexible polyurethane foams. Polymer (Guildf). 2019; 170: 65–75.
19.
ChenY, LiL, QiX, The pyrolysis behaviors of phosphorus-containing organosilicon compound modified APP with different polyether segments and their flame retardant mechanism in polyurethane foam. Compos B Eng. 2019; 173: 106784.
20.
CaoZJ, LiaoW, WangSX, Polyurethane foams with functionalized graphene towards high fire resistance, low smoke release, superior thermal insulation. Chem Eng J. 2019; 361: 1245–1254.
21.
ShiY, LiuC, FuL, Hierarchical assembly of polystyrene/graphitic carbon nitride/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites toward high fire safety. Compos B Eng. 2019; 179: 107541.
22.
KumarM, ChungJS, KongBS, Synthesis of graphene–polyurethane nanocomposite using highly functionalized graphene oxide as pseudo-crosslinker. Mater Lett. 2013; 106: 319–321.
23.
DuW, JinY, LaiS, Urethane-silica functionalized graphene oxide for enhancing mechanical property and fire safety of waterborne polyurethane composites. Appl Surf Sci. 2019; 492: 298–308.
24.
LinB, Yin YuenAC, LiA, MXene/chitosan nanocoating for flexible polyurethane foam towards remarkable fire hazards reductions. J Hazard Mater. 2020; 381: 120952.
25.
ZhouY, WangX, LiuX, Polyurethane-based solid-solid phase change materials with halloysite nanotubes-hybrid graphene aerogels for efficient light- and electro-thermal conversion and storage. Carbon N Y. 2019; 142: 558–566.
26.
SabetM, SoleimaniH.Broad studies of graphene and low-density polyethylene composites. J Elastom Plast. 2019; 51: 527–561.
27.
KaleMB, LuoZ, ZhangX, Waterborne polyurethane/graphene oxide-silica nanocomposites with improved mechanical and thermal properties for leather coatings using screen printing. Polymer (Guildf). 2019; 170: 43–53.
YuenACY, ChenTBY, WangC, Utilizing genetic algorithm to optimize pyrolysis kinetics for fire modelling and characterization of chitosan/graphene oxide polyurethane composites. Compos B. 2020; 182: 107619.
