Polyurethane nanocomposites based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene and graphene with different formulations were cured using toluene diisocyanates. The rheological, physical, mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The viscosity of the samples increased rapidly with graphene content. However, the kinetic rate of the curing process was lower for the nanocomposites in comparison to the neat matrix. The mechanical properties showed a successive increase in the tensile strength and reduction in elongation at break with an increase in graphene content. The highest value of the modulus, density and degradation temperature was obtained for the nanocomposite with 1 wt-% graphene. The hardness properties of the nanocomposites enhanced with curing time. The morphological properties of the nanocomposites are also investigated with the field emission scanning electron microscopy which confirmed the agglomeration occurrence at the high graphene contents.
VadukumpullyS, PaulJ, MahantaN, Flexible conductive graphene/poly (vinyl chloride) composite thin films with high mechanical strength and thermal stability. Carbon. 2011;49:198–205.
5.
FuX, ZhanY, MengY, Graphene oxide/poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogels with good tensile properties and reusable adsorption properties. Plast, Rubber Compos. 2017;46:53–59.
6.
HajianM, ReisiMR, KoohmarehGA, Preparation and characterization of polyvinylbutyral/graphene nanocomposite. J Polym Res. 2012;19:9966.
7.
TadakaluruS, KumpikaT, KantarakE, Highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensors using nano-graphene coated natural rubber. Plast, Rubber Compos. 2017;46(7):301–305.
8.
ArgüellesA, ViñaJ, RubieraS, A study of the effects of the matrix epoxy resin and graphene oxide (GO) manufacturing process on the tensile behaviour of GO-epoxy nanocomposites. Plast, Rubber Compos. 2017;46:405–412.
9.
MittalG, DhandV, RheeKY, A review on carbon nanotubes and graphene as fillers in reinforced polymer nanocomposites. J Ind Eng Chem. 2015;21:11–25.
10.
KausarA.Emerging research trends in polyurethane/graphene nanocomposite: a review. Polym Plast Technol Eng. 2017;56(13):1468–1486.
11.
WłodarczykD, UrbanM, StrankowskiM.Chemical modifications of graphene and their influence on properties of polyurethane composites: a review. Phys Scr. 2016;91:104003.
ThakurS, KarakN.Multi-stimuli responsive smart elastomeric hyperbranched polyurethane/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. J Mater Chem A. 2014;2:14867–14875.
14.
Seyed ShahabadiSI, KongJ, LuX.Aqueous-only, green route to self-healable, UV-resistant, and electrically conductive polyurethane /graphene /lignin nanocomposite coatings. ACS Sustain Chem Eng. 2017;5:3148–3157.
15.
ShamsiR, KooshaM, MahyariM.Improving the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of polyurethane-graphene oxide nanocomposites synthesized by in-situ polymerization of ester-based polyol with hexamethylene diisocyanate. J Polym Res. 2016;23:262.
16.
WuS, ShiT, ZhangL.Preparation and properties of amine-functionalized reduced graphene oxide/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites. High Perform Polym. 2016;28:453–465.
17.
ChoiJT, KimDH, RyuKS, Functionalized graphene sheet/polyurethane nanocomposites: effect of particle size on physical properties. Macromol Res. 2011;19:809–814.
18.
RossP, EscobarG, SevillaG, Micro and nanocomposites of polybutadienebased polyurethane liners with mineral fillers and nanoclay: thermal and mechanical properties. Open Chem. 2017;15:46–52.
19.
ReidDL, DraperR, RichardsonD, In situ synthesis of polyurethane-TiO2 nanocomposite and performance in solid propellants. J Mater Chem A. 2014;2:2313–2322.
20.
KimHJ, KwonY, KimCK.Thermal and mechanical properties of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-based polyurethane/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites plasticized with DOA. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2013;13:577–581.
21.
ShokrySA, El MorsiAK, SabaaMS, Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane based on hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene and reinforced by carbon nanotubes. Egypt J Pet. 2015;24:145–154.
22.
SperlingLH.Introduction to physical polymer science. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley; 2015.
23.
WooJ-H, ParkS-Y.Polypropylene nanocomposite with polypropylene-grafted graphene. Macromol Res. 2016;24:508–514.
24.
LelliG, TerenziA, KennyJM, Modelling of the chemo–rheological behavior of thermosetting polymer nanocomposites. Polym Compos. 2009;30:1–12.
VaiaRA, GiannelisEP.Polymer melt intercalation in organically-modified layered silicates: model predictions and experiment. Macromolecules. 1997;30:8000–8009.
32.
WuX, LiuP.Facile preparation and characterization of graphene nanosheets/polystyrene composites. Macromol Res. 2010;18:1008–1012.
33.
ZhangY, RheeKY, ParkS-J.Nanodiamond nanocluster-decorated graphene oxide/epoxy nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical behavior and thermal stability. Comp Part B: Eng. 2017;114:111–120.
