Subjects inspected their feet via base-out prisms for 3 min. Using binocular vision, subsequent reaching without prisms showed significant overestimation of distance. Monocular testing showed a lateral shift in pointing to targets in opposite directions for each eye. This indicates that registered, as opposed to actual, convergence is a factor in near distance perception, and that opposite adaptation occurs within the motor control system for each eye.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BossomJ.HamiltonC. R. (1963). Interocular transfer of prism-altered co-ordinations in split-brain monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology56, 769–74.
2.
BruellJ. H.AlbeeG. W. (1955). Effect of asymmetrical retinal stimulation on the perception of the median plane. Perceptual and Motor Skills5, 133–9.
3.
CohenH. B. (1966). Some critical factors in prism-adaptation. American Journal of Psychology69, 285–90.
4.
CohenM. M. (1967). Continuous versus terminal visual feedback in prism after-effects. Perceptual and Motor Skills24, 1295–302.
5.
CraskeB. (1966). Change in transfer function of joint receptor output. Nature (London210, 764–5.
6.
CraskeB. (1967). Adaptation to prisms: change in internally registered eye-position. British Journal of Psychology58, 329–35.
7.
CraskeB. (1968a). An Analysis of human adaptation to prismatically displaced visionUniversity of Durham Unpublished Ph.D. thesis.
8.
CraskeB. (1968b). Lability and stability of human position sense. Symposium on the basic problems of prehension, movement and control of artificial limbsLondon: Institution of Mechanical Engineers.
9.
CraskeB.GreggS. J. (1966). Prism after-effects: identical results for visual targets and unexposed limb. Nature (London)212, 104–5.
10.
EbenholtzS. M. (1970). On the relation between interocular transfer of adaptation and Hering's law of equal innervation. Psychological Review77, 343–7.
11.
FoleyJ. E.MiyanshiK. (1969). Interocular effects in prism adaptation. Science (New York165, 311–12.
12.
HajosA.RitterM. (1965). Experiments to the problem of interocular transfer. Acta Psychologica24, 81–90.
13.
HamiltonC. R. (1964). Intermanual transfer of adaptation to prisms. American Journal of Psychology77, 457–62.
14.
HarrisC. S. (1963). Adaptation to displaced vision: visual, motor, or proprioceptive change?. Science (New York140, 812–13.
15.
HarrisC. S. (1972). Personal communication.
16.
HarrisC. S.HarrisJ. R.KarschC. W. (1966). New York Paper read at Eastern Psychological Association.
17.
HayJ. C.PickH. L. (1966). Visual and proprioceptive adaptation to optical displacement of the visual stimulus. Journal of Experimental Psychology71, 150–8.
18.
HeldR. (1961). Exposure history as a factor in maintaining stability of perception and co-ordination. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders132, 26–32.
19.
HeldR.BossomJ. (1961). Neonatal deprivation and adult rearrangement: complementary techniques for analysing plastic sensory-motor co-ordinations. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology54, 33–7.
20.
von HelmholtzH. (1856). Treatise on Physiological OpticsSouthallJ. P. C.New York: Dover (1962).
21.
HowardI. P. (1968). Displacing the optical array. The Neurophysiology of Spatially Oriented BehaviorFreedmanS. J.Homewood, Illinois: Dorsey19–36.
22.
KalilR. E.FreedmanS. J. (1966). Intermanual transfer of compensation for displaced vision. Perceptual and Motor Skills22, 123–6.
23.
McLaughlinS. C.RifkinK. I.WebsterR. G. (1966). Oculomotor adaptation to wedge prisms with no part of the body seen. Perception and Psychophysics1, 452–8.
24.
PuttermanA. H.RobertA. L.BregmanA. S. (1969). Adaptation of the wrist to displacing prisms. Psychonomic Science16, 79–80.
25.
RichardsW.MillerJ. F. (1969). Convergence as a cue to depth. Perception and Psychophysics5, 317–20.
26.
RockI.GoldbergJ.MackA. (1966). Immediate correction and adaptation based on viewing a prismatically displaced scene. Perception and Psychophysics1, 351–4.
27.
UhlarikJ. J.CanonL. K. (1971). Influence of concurrent and terminal exposure conditions on the nature of perceptual adaptation. Journal of Experimental Psychology91, 233–9.
28.
WallachH.FreyK. J.BodeK. A. (1972). The nature of adaptation in distance perception based on oculomotor cues. Perception and Psychophysics11, 110–16.
29.
WallachH.KravitzJ. H.LindauerJ. (1963). A passive condition for rapid adaptation to displaced visual direction. American Journal of Psychology76, 568–78.
30.
WelchR. B.RhoadesR. W. (1969). The manipulation of informational feedback and its effects upon prism adaptation. Canadian Journal of Psychology23, 415–28.
