Aims: A study was undertaken to assess the cost-effectiveness of identifying and treating asymptomatic carriers of Chlamydia trachomatis when using community-based testing of urine specimens obtained at home and mailed to a central laboratory. Methods: A total of 100 males and 100 females aged 20 - 24 living in Umeå were randomly sampled from the population registry. A societal cost-effective analysis was carried out, based on screening and medical care costs in Sweden. Results: With a participation rate of 55% (45% males and 65% females), the female screening became cost-saving as the C. trachomatis prevalence exceeded 5.1%, and the male screening became cost-saving with over 12.3% prevalence. Conclusion: Postal screening for C. trachomatis in an asymptomatic young population can be cost-effective only at prevalences higher than at present.
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