The transverse-motion weldability (TMW) test was applied to carbon steels, by moving the lower sheet during lap welding at a constant speed V in the transverse direction to induce solidification cracking. A transition range of V (between no cracking at lower V and full cracking at higher V) that occurred at a lower V level indicated a higher susceptibility. The variation in the susceptibility with the carbon content of the steel was related to the Fe–C phase diagram and compared to those shown previously by other tests. The nominal critical strain rate based on the transition range was compared to the critical strain rate based on measurement by in situ observation during welding.
KouS.Welding metallurgy. 3rd ed. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley and Sons; 2020.
2.
SoysalT, KouS.A simple test for solidification cracking susceptibility and filler metal effect. Weld J. 2017; 96(10):389s–401s.
3.
SoysalT, KouS.Effect of filler metals on solidification cracking susceptibility of Al Alloys 2024 and 6061. J Mater Proc Tech. 2019; 266:421–428. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.11.022
4.
SoysalT, KouS.A simple test for assessing solidification cracking susceptibility and checking validity of susceptibility prediction. Acta Mater. 2018; 143:181–197. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.09.065
5.
SoysalT, KouS.Role of liquid backfilling in reducing solidification cracking in aluminum welds. Sci Technol Weld Joining. 2020; 25(5):415–421. doi: 10.1080/13621718.2020.1732054
6.
LiuK, KouS.Susceptibility of magnesium alloys to solidification cracking. Sci Technol Weld Joining. 2020; 25(3):251–257. doi: 10.1080/13621718.2019.1681160
7.
LiuK, KouS.Susceptibility of stainless steels to solidification cracking: new test and explanation. Weld J. 2020; 99(October):1s. doi: 10.1080/13621718.2020.1780756
8.
XiaC, KouS.Evaluating susceptibility of Ni-base alloys to solidification cracking by transverse-motion weldability test. Sci Technol Weld Joining. 2020: 13). https://doi.org/10.1080/13621718.2020.1802897.
9.
SavageWF, LundinCD.The varestraint test. Weld J. 1965; 44(10):433s–442s.
SendaT, MatsudaF, TakanoG, Fundamental investigations on solidification crack susceptibility for weld metals with trans-varestraint test. Trans Jpn Weld Soc. 1971; 2(2):141–162.
12.
OhshitaS, YuriokaN, MoriN, Prevention of solidification cracking in very low carbon steel welds. Weld J. 1983; 62(5):129s–136s.
13.
Pandat. Phase diagram calculation software package for multicomponent systems. Madison (WI): Computherm LLC; 2019.
14.
PanIron. Thermodynamic database for commercial iron alloys. Madison (WI): Computherm LLC; 2019.
15.
StryckerMD, SchueremansL, PaepegemWV, Measuring the thermal expansion coefficient of tubular steel specimens with digital image correlation techniques. Opt Laser Eng. 2010; 48(10):978–986. doi: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2010.05.008
16.
AmayaT, YonezawaT, OgawaK, Solidification cracking mechanism of carbon steel weld metal. Weld J. 2018; 97(2):55s–64s. doi: 10.29391/2018.97.005
17.
SmithRB.Arc welding of carbon steels. In: OlsonDL, SiewertTA, LiuS, ., editors.ASM handbook. Vol.6 welding, brazing and soldering. Materials Park (OH): ASM International; 1993. p. 641–661.
18.
MatsudaF, NakagawaH, TomitaS.Quantitative evaluation of solidification brittleness of weld metal during solidification by in-situ observation and measurement (Report III). Trans JWRI. 1986; 15(2):297–305.
