Two different transformation pathways were employed to improve the phase balance in the fusion zone (FZ) of 2304 duplex stainless steel during resistance spot welding: (i) downsloping current modification aiming at controlling the weld cooling rate and (ii) in situ post-weld short annealing of the weld aiming at formation of secondary austenite in the FZ. Both pathways enabled enhancing the austenite volume fraction in the FZ. However, the in situ post-weld annealing was more effective than the downsloping current modification. It was proved that generating a homogenous microstructure with an improved phase balance via proper in situ post-weld annealing treatment can enhance the corrosion resistance of the weld nugget compared to the unbalanced FZ produced in the as-welded condition.
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