Individuals who seek treatment for an addictive disorder often exhibit comorbid substance use disorders and/or gambling disorder. The lack of a unique severity assessment instrument might be an obstacle for individuals to access integrated and comprehensive treatment. This paper aimed to examine the usefulness and validity of a modified version of the Addiction Severity Index (mASI) to assess all substance use disorders (including tobacco) and gambling.
Methods
Participants (N = 833) were interviewed with the mASI and completed a validity battery questionnaire. The validity and the reliability of the mASI were examined.
Results
The mASI was reliable, and its 9 assessed domains showed a relative independence, supporting its multidimensionality.
Conclusions
The standardized properties of the mASI permit a comprehensive and systematic assessment of all addictive disorders independent of individuals’ perceived problems and treatment settings, hence facilitating personalized treatment planning.
HasinDS, O'BrienCP, AuriacombeM, . DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders: recommendations and rationale. Am J Psychiatry. 2013;170:834–851.
2.
PetryNM, BlancoC, AuriacombeM, . An overview of and rationale for changes proposed for pathological gambling in DSM-5. J Gambl Stud. 2014;30(2):493–502.
3.
PetryNM, O'BrienCP. Internet gaming disorder and the DSM-5. Addiction.2013;108:1186–1187.
4.
PetryNM, RehbeinF, GentileDA, . An international consensus for assessing internet gaming disorder using the new DSM-5 approach. Addiction.2014;109:1399–1406.
5.
GrantBF, HasinDS, ChouSP, StinsonFS, DawsonDA. Nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61:1107–1115.
6.
GrantJE, KimSW, OdlaugBL, PotenzaMN. Daily tobacco smoking in treatment-seeking pathological gamblers: clinical correlates and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. J Addict Med.2008;2:178–184.
7.
StinsonFS, GrantBF, DawsonDA, RuanWJ, HuangB, SahaT. Comorbidity between DSM-IV alcohol and specific drug use disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Drug Alcohol Depend.2005;80:105–116.
8.
PetryNM, StinsonFS, GrantBF. Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66:564–574.
9.
WarehamJD, PotenzaMN. Pathological gambling and substance use disorders. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2010;36:242–247.
10.
McLellanAT, CacciolaJC, AltermanAI, RikoonSH, CariseD. The Addiction Severity Index at 25: origins, contributions and transitions. Am J Addict.2006;15:113–124.
11.
CacciolaJS, AltermanAI, HabingB, McLellanAT. Recent status scores for version 6 of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6). Addiction.2011;106:1588–1602.
12.
MakelaK. Studies of the reliability and validity of the Addiction Severity Index. Addiction. 2004;99:398–410; discussion 411–398.
13.
PetryNM.Concurrent and predictive validity of the Addiction Severity Index in pathological gamblers. Am J Addict.2007;16:272–282.
14.
LesieurHR, BlumeSB. Modifying the Addiction Severity Index for use with pathological gamblers. Am J Addict.1992;1:240–247.
15.
KesslerF, CacciolaJ, AltermanA, . Psychometric properties of the sixth version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) in Brazil. Rev Bras Psiquiatr.2012;34:24–33.
16.
FlynnPM, BrownBS. Co-occurring disorders in substance abuse treatment: issues and prospects. J Subst Abuse Treat.2008;34:36–47.
17.
TsohJY, ChiFW, MertensJR, WeisnerCM. Stopping smoking during first year of substance use treatment predicted 9-year alcohol and drug treatment outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend.2011;114:110–118.
DenisC, FatseasM, BeltranV, . Validity of the self-reported drug use section of the Addiction Severity Index and associated factors used under naturalistic conditions. Subst Use Misuse.2012;47:356–363.
20.
GrabotD, AuriacombeM, DubetF, TignolJ. Comparative use of the Addiction Severity Index in French and North-American heroin users. NIDA Res Monogr.1996;162:279.
21.
GrabotD, AuriacombeM, MartinC, . The Addiction Severity Index: a reliable and valid tool to assess substance use disorders. In: LegerJ-M, ed.Comptes Rendus du Congrès de Psychiatrie et Neurologie de Langue Française. Pointe-à-Pitre, April 26–30; 1993:213–219.
22.
GrabotD, BrisseauS, MartinC, . The Addiction Severity Index: training, computerization and research. Synapse.1996;131:33–36.
23.
GrabotD, LandryM. L'ASI for a multicultural database. In: GuyonL, LandryM, BrochuS, BergeronJ, eds. L'Evaluation des clientèles alcooliques et toxicomaniaques. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université; 1998:131–152.
24.
AuriacombeM, DenisC, LavieE, . Experience with the Addiction Severity Index in France. A descriptive report of training and adaptation to tobacco and non-substance-addictive behaviors. Paper presented at the 66th Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence; June 12–17 2004; San Juan, Porto Rico.
25.
BergeronJ, LandryM. Etude de validation en langue française de l'Indice de Gravité d'une toxicomanie (IGT/ASI). Résultats préliminaires. 1993.
26.
Bergeron J., Landry M., Ishak A., Vaugeois P., Trepanier M. Validation d'un instrument d'évaluation de la gravité des problémes reliés á la consommation de drogues et d'alcool: l'Indice de Gravité d'une Toxicomanie (IGT). Rapport de recherche du RISQ presented to Ministére de la Santé et des Services Sociaux, Gouvernement du Québec. Novembre 1992.
27.
BergeronJ, LandryM, IshakI, VaugeoisP, TrépanierM. Validation d'un instrument d'évaluation de la gravité des problèmes reliés à la consommation de drogues et d'alcool, l'indice de gravité d'une toxicomanie (IGT). In: RISQ (Recherche et Intervention sur les Substances psychoactives - Quebec), ed.Cahiers de recherche du RISQ. Montreal: RISQ; 1992. Available at: https://depot.erudit.org/bitstream/000864dd/1/000214pp.pdf
28.
McLellanA, KushnerH, MetzgerD, . The fifth edition of the Addiction Severity Index: historical critique and normative data. J Subst Abuse Treat.1992;9:199–213.
29.
DenisC, FatseasM, VittetS, BeltranV, DaulouèdeJ-P, AuriacombeM. French modified Addiction Severity Index: psychometrics properties in tobacco users and validity of the added Tobacco section. Paper presented at the 72nd Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence; June 12–17 2010; Scottsdale, Arizona.
30.
DenisC, BoujuG, Grall-BronnecM, . Validity of the Gambling section for the French adaptation of the Addiction Severity Index. Paper presented at the 71st Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence; June 20–25 2009; Reno, Nevada.
31.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4thed.Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
32.
SheehanDV, LecrubierY, SheehanKH, . The validity of the Mini International Psychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliabilty. Eur Psychiatry. 1997;12:232–241.
33.
LandisJR, KochGG. An application of hierarchical kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers. Biometrics. 1977;33:363–374.
34.
CuijpersP, SmitF, ten HaveM, de GraafR. Smoking is associated with first-ever incidence of mental disorders: a prospective population-based study. Addiction. 2007;102:1303–1309.
35.
KesslerRC, HwangI, LaBrieR, . DSM-IV pathological gambling in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychol Med.2008;38:1351–1360.
36.
WestphalJR, JohnsonLJ. Multiple co-occurring behaviors among gamblers: implications and assessments. Int Gambl Stud.2007;7:73–99.
37.
DaeppenJB, BurnandB, SchnyderC, BonjourM, PecoudA, YersinB. Validation of the Addiction Severity Index in French-speaking alcoholic patients. J Stud Alcohol.1996;57:585–590.
38.
HendriksVM, KaplanCD, van LimbeekJ, GeerlingsP. The Addiction Severity Index: reliability and validity in a Dutch addict population. J Subst Abuse Treat.1989;6:133–141.
39.
HodginsDC, el-GuebalyN. More data on the Addiction Severity Index. Reliability and validity with the mentally ill substance abuser. J Nerv Ment Dis.1992;180:197–201.
40.
AltermanAI, CacciolaJS, HabingB, LynchKG. Addiction Severity Index Recent and Lifetime summary indexes based on nonparametric item response theory methods. Psychol Assess.2007;19:119–132.
41.
McDermottPA, AltermanAI, BrownL, ZabelleroA, SniderEC, McKayJR. Construct refinement and confirmation for the Addiction Severity Index. Psychol Assess.1996;8:182–189.
42.
RikoonSH, CacciolaJS, CariseD, AltermanAI, McLellanAT. Predicting DSM-IV dependence diagnoses from Addiction Severity Index composite scores. J Subst Abuse Treat.2006;31:17–24.
MuilenburgJL, LaschoberTC, EbyLT. Organizational factors as predictors of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy adoption in addiction treatment programs. J Addict Med.2014;8:59–65.
45.
ZiedonisDM, GuydishJ, WilliamsJ, SteinbergM, FouldsJ. Barriers and solutions to addressing tobacco dependence in addiction treatment programs. Alcohol Res Health. 2006;29:228–235.
46.
StinchfieldR, KushnerMG, WintersKC. Alcohol use and prior substance abuse treatment in relation to gambling problem severity and gambling treatment outcome. J Gambl Stud.2005;21:273–297.
47.
DenisCM, CacciolaJS, AltermanAI. Addiction Severity Index (ASI) summary scores: comparison of the Recent Status Scores of the ASI-6 and the Composite Scores of the ASI-5. J Subst Abuse Treat.2013;45:444–450.
48.
DenisC, LangloisE, FatseasM, AuriacombeM. The importance to monitor all substance and non-substance addictive behaviors in Therapeutic Community settings. Paper presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence; June 9–14 2012; Palm Springs, California.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
