The coke ratio has an important effect on the behaviour of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite (HCVTM) sintering. The effect of coke breeze content on sintering properties and mechanism of HCVTM was investigated in an experimental-scale sintering pot. And the softening-melting test was carried out to study the metallurgical properties of sinter. The results showed that with increasing coke breeze content from 4.0% to 6.0%, the mineral phase grains of HCVTM sinter refined. Further, the mineral content of FeO, silicate, perovskite, and magnetite increased while calcium ferrite and haematite decreased. The vertical sintering speed (VSS), tumble index (TI), productivity, and reduction disintegration index (RDI) increased while yield and reducibility index (RI) of HCVTM sinter decreased, and the softening-melting behaviour of HCVTM sinter improved with the increasing of coke breeze content.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
TakanoCZambranoAPNogueiraAEAet al.Chromites reduction reaction mechanisms in carbon-chromites composite agglomerates at 1773K. ISIJ Int. 2007;47(11):1585–1589. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.47.1585
2.
LuCYZouXLLuXGet al.Reductive kinetics of panzhihua ilmenite with hydrogen. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2016;26(12):3266–3273. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(16)64460-6
3.
ChengGJXueXXGaoZXet al.Effect of Cr2O3 on the reduction and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite pellets. ISIJ Int. 2016;56(11):1938–1947. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2016-234
4.
JenaBCDreslerWReillyIG.Extraction of titanium, vanadium and iron from titanomagnetite deposits at pipestone lake, Manitoba, Canada. Miner Eng. 1995;8(1/2):159–168. doi: 10.1016/0892-6875(94)00110-X
5.
ChengGJGaoZXYangHet al.Effect of calcium oxide on the crushing strength, reduction, and smelting performance of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite pellets. Metals (Basel). 2017;7(5):181. doi: 10.3390/met7050181
6.
ChengGJXueXXJiangTet al.Effect of TiO2 on the crushing strength and smelting mechanism of high-chromium vanadium-Titanium magnetite pellets. Metall Mater Trans B. 2016;47(3):1713–1726. doi: 10.1007/s11663-016-0628-7
7.
TangWDXueXXYangSTet al.Influence of basicity and temperature on bonding phase strength microstructure and mineralogy of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite. Int J Miner Metall Mater. 2018;25(8):871. doi: 10.1007/s12613-018-1636-1
8.
TangWDYangSTChengGJet al.Effect of TiO2 on the sintering behavior of chromium-bearing vanadium-titanium magnetite. Minerals. 2018;8(7):263. doi: 10.3390/min8070263
9.
GavelDJSongQSAdemaAet al.Characterization of the burden behaviour of iron ore pellets mixed with nut coke under simulated blast furnace conditions. Ironmak Steelmak. 2018;8:1–8.
10.
ZhaoJPLooCEDukinoRD.Modelling fuel combustion in iron ore sintering. Combust Flame. 2015;162(4):1019–1034. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.09.026
11.
BhagatRPChattorajUSSilSK.Porosity of sinter and its relation with the sintering indices. ISIJ Int. 2006;46(11):1728–1730. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.46.1728
12.
KasaiESakanoYKawaguchiTet al.Influence of properties of fluxing materials on the flow of melt formed in the sintering process. ISIJ Int. 2000;40(9):857–862. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.40.857
13.
InazumiTShinadaKKawabeM.Influence of mineralogical characteristic of hematite in self-fluxed sinter on its degradation during the reduction. Tetsu-to-Hagané. 1982;68(15):2207–2214. doi: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.68.15_2207
14.
ParkELeeSBOstrovskiOet al.Reduction of the mixture of titanomagnetite ironsand and hematite iron ore fines by carbon monoxide. ISIJ Int. 2004;44(1):214–216. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.44.214
15.
TangWDYangSTChengGJet al.Effect of MgO in sinter and primary-slag on smelting mechanism of chromium-bearing vanadium titanomagnetite. Steel Research Int. doi:10.1002/srin.201800226.
16.
YangSTZhouMTangWDet al.Influence of coke ratio on the sintering behavior of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite. Minerals. 2017;7(7):107. doi: 10.3390/min7070107
17.
KawaguchiTHaraM.Utilization of biomass for iron ore sintering. ISIJ Int. 2013;53(9):1599–1606. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.53.1599
18.
UmadeviTKarthikPMahapatraPCet al.Optimisation of FeO in iron ore sinter at JSW steel limited. Ironmak Steelmak. 2012;39(3):180–189. doi: 10.1179/1743281211Y.0000000080
19.
UmadeviTNelsonKMahapatraPCet al.Influence of magnesia on iron ore sinter properties and productivity. Ironmak Steelmak. 2009;36(7):515–520. doi: 10.1179/174328109X445741
20.
LuLHolmesRJManuelJR.Effects of alumina on sintering performance of hematite iron ores. ISIJ Int. 2007;47(3):349–358. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.47.349
21.
MaJYSunXWShengSXet al.Intensified smelting of vanadium and titanium magnetite in blast furnace. Iron and Steel. 2000;35(1):4–8.
22.
QieQMZhangCXLiXPet al.Low SO2 emissions in the sintering process utilizing the difference of sulphur contents of iron ores. ISIJ Int. 2017;57(12):2115–2123. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-151
