Investigating hard/soft combinations of cold spraying by Eulerian approach

Abstract

In this study, the Eulerian method was applied to investigate hard/soft combinations in cold spraying. Critical velocity was determined according to the jet emergence from the particle. Simulation results revealed that the equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) value of the substrate was higher than that of the particle at lower velocities. The velocity corresponding to the jet emergence was affected by the particle and the substrate. Then a new concept defined as ‘C_0mixed’ was put forward and there was a linear relation between the critical velocity obtained from simulation and C_0mixed. The deformation pattern of combinations fell into two categories: single or mixed. The simulation results could not meet the experimental results even though considering the preheating condition. The reasons were attributed to the limitation of the Eulerian model, the Johnson–Cook material model and oxide formed on the surface of both the particle and the substrate.