Deep cryogenic treatment is an effective method to improve materials’ properties and has shown a considerable industries application prospect. In this work, deep cryogenic treatment with liquid nitrogen had been applied to deal with multi-arc ion-plated VN film. The results show that after deep cryogenic treatment, the scratch-resistance and wear-resistance of VN film are improved greatly, but the improvement in properties as well as surface roughness evolution is not proportional to the soaking time. The VN film with a soaking time of 20 h has the best mechanical properties, and the VN film with a soaking time of 40 h has the finest scratch-resistance, while the VN film with a soaking time of 30 h has the lowest surface roughness and wear rate. However, the wear mechanisms of these VN films with different soaking time are all adhesive wear and oxidative wear.
SonarT, LomteS, GogteC.Cryogenic treatment of metal – a review. Mater Today-Proc. 2018;5(11):25219–25228. doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.324
2.
KumarTV, ThirumuruganR, ViswanathB.Influence of cryogenic treatment on the metallurgy of ferrous alloys: a review. Mater Manuf Process. 2017;32(16):1789–1805. doi: 10.1080/10426914.2017.1317790
3.
JurciP, DomankovaM, CaplovicL, Microstructure and hardness of sub-zero treated and no tempered P/M Vanadis 6 ledeburitic tool steel. Vacuum. 2015;111:92–101. doi: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2014.10.004
4.
KoradeD, RamanaKV, JagtapK.Influence of cryogenic treatment on the tribological behaviour of AISI H21 tool steel. Mater Res-Ibero-Am J. 2019;22:e20170745.
5.
XieC, ZhouLM, MinN, Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on carbon segregation in Cr8Mo2SiV tool steel during tempering. Philos Mag Lett. 2017;97:372–377. doi: 10.1080/09500839.2016.1250966
6.
PadmakumarM, GuruprasathJ, AchuthanP, Investigation of phase structure of cobalt and its effect in WC–Co cemented carbides before and after deep cryogenic treatment. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater. 2018;74:87–92. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2018.03.010
7.
GaoY, LuoBH, BaiZH, Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and properties of WC–Fe–Ni cemented carbides. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater. 2018;58:42–50. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2016.03.010
8.
HuZQ, ZhengHH, LiuGJ, Effects of cryogenic treatment after annealing of Ti–6Al–4V alloy sheet on its formability at room temperature. Metals. 2018;8:295. doi: 10.3390/met8050295
9.
SinghP, PungotraH, KalsiNS.Optimization of deep cryogenic treatment conditions for the wear rate of UNS R56400 (Ti6Al4V) medical titanium alloy using Taguchi's method. Mater Technol. 2019;34:84–91. doi: 10.1080/10667857.2018.1523099
10.
SinglaAK, SinghJ, KumarP, Effect of cryogenic treatment on the wear resistance and microstructure of Ti–6Al–4V. Indian J Eng Mater Sci. 2018;25:243–249.
11.
ZhiquanH, JianchunW, QingxueH, Effect of cryogenic treatment prior to rolling on micro-structure and mechanical properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Rare Metal Mater Eng. 2018;47:2942–2948. doi: 10.1016/S1875-5372(18)30215-7
12.
KaruppusamyP, LingaduraiK, SivananthV.To study the role of WC reinforcement and deep cryogenic treatment on AZ91 MMNC wear behavior using multilevel factorial design. J Tribol – Trans ASME. 2019;141:041608. doi: 10.1115/1.4042506
13.
CuiJJ, ChenLQ, LiYF, Effects of annealing treatment on mechanical properties of 8011 aluminum alloy after cryogenic rolling. Metall Res Technol. 2019;116:219. doi: 10.1051/metal/2018067
14.
ZhangWD, BaiPK, YangJ, Tensile behavior of 3104 aluminum alloy processed by homogenization and cryogenic treatment. T Nonferr Metal Soc; 2014;23(8):2453–2458. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63370-7
15.
ZhouJZ, LiJ, XuSQ, Improvement in fatigue properties of 2024-T351 aluminum alloy subjected to cryogenic treatment and laser peening. Surf Coat Technol. 2018;345:31–39. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.03.088
16.
MaX, ZhaoYF, ZhaoXJ, Mechanisms on the outstanding high temperature plasticity of AlNp/Al–0.4Cu composites induced by cryogenic treatment. J Alloy Compd. 2019;770:755–764. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.08.051
17.
ShaoYQ, XuFJ, LiuW, Influence of cryogenic treatment on mechanical and interfacial properties of carbon nanotube fiber/bisphenol-F epoxy composite. Compos Part B. 2017;125:195–202. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.05.077
18.
ZhangMY, LiKZ, ShiXH, Influence of cryogenic thermal cycling treatment on the thermophysical properties of carbon/carbon composites between room temperature and 1900°C. J Mater Sci Technol. 2018;34:409–415. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2017.03.001
19.
WangG, GuKX, HuangZJ, Improving the wear resistance of as-sprayed WC coating by deep cryogenic treatment. Mater Lett. 2016;185:363–365. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2016.09.032
20.
KilicayK, UlutanM.Effect of cryogenic treatment on tribological behaviour of TiC composite coatings. Surf Eng. 2017;33:886–894. doi: 10.1080/02670844.2017.1317452
21.
JiangXJ, WangJ, ShenJP, Improvement of adhesion strength and scratch resistance of fluorocarbon thin films by cryogenic treatment. Appl Surf Sci. 2014;288:44–50. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.09.103
22.
GillSS, SinghJ, SinghH, Investigation on wear behaviour of cryogenically treated TiAlN coated tungsten carbide inserts in turning. Int J Mach Tool Manuf. 2011;51:25–33. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2010.10.003
23.
HeHB, HanWQ, LiHY, Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on machinability and wear mechanism of TiAlN coated tools during dry turning. Int J Precis Eng Manuf. 2014;15:655–660. doi: 10.1007/s12541-014-0384-z
24.
ReddySTV, KumarST, ReddyVM, Performance studies of deep cryogenic treated tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts on machining steel, Tribol – Mater Surf Interfaces. 2013;2:92–98. doi: 10.1179/175158308X373027
25.
CaiZ, PuJ, LuX, Improved tribological property of VN film with the design of pre-oxidized layer. Ceram Int. 2019;45:6051–6057. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.12.076
26.
BondarevAV, GolizadehM, ShvyndinaNV, Microstructure, mechanical, and tribological properties of Ag-free and Ag-doped VCN coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 2017;331:77–84. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.10.036
27.
OuYX, ChenH, LiZY, Microstructure and tribological behavior of TiAlSiN coatings deposited by deep oscillation magnetron sputtering. J Am Ceram Soc. 2018;101:5166–5176. doi: 10.1111/jace.15769
28.
OladapoBI, ZahediSA, AweAO, Analysis on corrosion resistant of electrodeposited ternary Co–W–P alloy. Appl Surf Sci. 2019;475:627–632. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.12.226
29.
LiuHJ, LiuHL, ZhuCC, Tribological behavior of coated spur gear pairs with tooth surface roughness. Friction. 2019;7:117–128. doi: 10.1007/s40544-017-0193-3
30.
FallqvistM, OlssonM.The influence of surface defects on the mechanical and tribological properties of VN-based arc-evaporated coatings. Wear. 2013;297:1111–1119. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2012.11.012
31.
CaiZ, PuJ, WangL, Synthesis of a new orthorhombic form of diamond in varying-C VN films: microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties. Appl Surf Sci. 2019;481:767–776. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.03.126
32.
LiZ, WangY, ChengX, Continuously growing ultrathick CrN coating to achieve high load-bearing capacity and good tribological property. ACS Appl Mater Inter. 2018;10:2965–2975. doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b16426
33.
GuoSL, WangBL, WangKF, Coupling effects of dual-phase-lag heat conduction and property difference on thermal shock fracture of coating/substrate structures. Int J Solids Struct. 2018;152-153:238–247. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2018.06.031
34.
LinC, LiYM.A coupled mechanical-chemical model for reflecting the influence of stress on oxidation reactions in thermal barrier coating. J Appl Phys. 2018;123:215305. doi: 10.1063/1.5011667
35.
SluzalekG, PosmykA, SkonecznyW.Thermal phenomena in the friction process of the Tg15-hard anodic coating couple. Arch Metall Mater. 2016;61:1497–1502. doi: 10.1515/amm-2016-0245
