Iron–tungsten/TiO2 nanotube photoelectrodes have been synthesised by the anodisation process followed by the chemical bath deposition technique in this work. X-ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, UV–Vis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements have been used to characterise these photoelectrodes. The ratio of the iron–tungsten deposited on TiO2 nanotubes remarkably influences the PEC performance and the amount of hydrogen. The A1 photoelectrode showed the best PEC activity. The investigation of the recyclability of these new TiO2 nanotubes indicated good stability of their photocatalytic activity. A simple method for the synthesis of high-performance PEC photoelectrodes with good stability and reliability has been provided by this work.
SridharS, ArunnellaiappanT, RameshbabuN, Solar photocatalytic activity of nitrogen doped TiO2 coating by micro-arc oxidation. Surf Eng. 2016;33:779–786. doi: 10.1080/02670844.2016.1259090
2.
MomeniMM, GhayebY, ShafieiM.Preparation and characterization of CrFeWTiO2 photoanodes and their photoelectrochemical activities for water splitting. Dalton Trans. 2017;46:12527–12536. doi: 10.1039/C7DT01596H
3.
ParacchinoA, LaporteV, SivulaK, Highly active oxide photocathode for photoelectrochemical water reduction. Nat Mater. 2011;10:456–461. doi: 10.1038/nmat3017
4.
MomeniMM, GhayebY.Cobalt modified tungsten-titania nanotube composite photoanodes for photoelectrochemical solar water splitting. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron. 2016;27:3318–3327.
5.
ZhouaX, PrikrylbJ, KrbalbM, Molybdenum dichalcogenide nanotube arrays for hydrogen-evolution reaction catalysis: synergistic effects of sulfur and selenium in a core-shell tube wall. Electrochem Commun. 2017;82:112–116. doi: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.08.004
6.
MomeniMM, GhayebY.Fabrication, characterization and photoelectrochemical performance of chromium-sensitized titania nanotubes as efficient photoanodes for solar water splitting. J Solid State Electrochem. 2016;20:683–689. doi: 10.1007/s10008-015-3093-3
7.
ZhangY, FanW, DuHQ, Study on photocatalytic performance of TiO2 and Fe3+/TiO2 coatings. Surf Eng. 2017;33:849–856. doi: 10.1080/02670844.2017.1323434
8.
GhayebY, MomeniMM.Solar water-splitting using palladium modified tungsten trioxide-titania nanotube photocatalysts. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron. 2016;27:1805–1811.
MaJ, YangM, SunY, Fabrication of Ag/TiO2 nanotube array with enhanced photo-catalytic degradation of aqueous organic pollutant. Physica E. 2014;58:24–29. doi: 10.1016/j.physe.2013.11.006
11.
YangL, YangW, CaiQ.Well-dispersed PtAu nanoparticles loaded into anodic titania nanotubes: a high antipoison and stable catalyst system for methanol oxidation in alkaline media. J Phys Chem C. 2007;111:16613–16617. doi: 10.1021/jp0727695
12.
XueJ, ShenQ, YangF, Investigation on the influence of pH on structure and photoelectrochemical properties of CdSe electrolytically deposited into TiO2 nanotube arrays. J Alloy Compd. 2014;607:163–168. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.04.041
13.
KangQ, LiuS, YangL, Fabrication of PbS nanoparticle-sensitized TiO2 nanotube arrays and their photoelectrochemical properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2011;3:746–749. doi: 10.1021/am101086t
14.
HuaZ, DaiZ, BaiX, Copper nanoparticles sensitized TiO2 nanotube arrays electrode with enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity for diclofenac degradation. Chem Eng J. 2016;283:514–523. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.07.072
15.
KhanMA, WooSI, YangOB.Hydrothermally stabilized Fe (III) doped titania active under visible light for water splitting reaction. Int J Hydrogen Energy. 2008;33:5345–5351. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.07.119
16.
CheM, FangY, YuanJ, F-doped TiO2 compact film for high-efficient perovskite solar cells. Int J Electrochem Sci. 2017;12:1064–1074. doi: 10.20964/2017.02.21
17.
MomeniMM, HakimianM, KazempourA.In-situ manganese doping of TiO2 nanostructures via single-step electrochemical anodizing of titanium in an electrolyte containing potassium permanganate: a good visible-light photocatalyst. Ceram Int. 2015;41:13692–13701. doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.07.158
LeeYL, ChiCF, LiauSY.Cds/CdSe co-sensitized TiO2 photoelectrode for efficient hydrogen generation in a photoelectrochemical cell. Chem Mater. 2009;22:922–927. doi: 10.1021/cm901762h
21.
PanJ, LiX, ZhaoQ, Construction of Mn0.5 Zn0.5 Fe2O4 modified TiO2 nanotube array nanocomposite electrodes and their photoelectrocatalytic performance in the degradation of 2,4-DCP. J Mater Chem C. 2015;3:6025–6034. doi: 10.1039/C5TC01008J
22.
MomeniMM, MozafariAA.The effect of number of SILAR cycles on morphological, optical and photo catalytic properties of cadmium sulfide-titania films. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron. 2016;27:10658–10666.
