Three-dimensional (3D) cauliflower-shaped Strontium (Sr)-doped SnO2 nanoparticles were synthesised at ambient temperature through a simple co-precipitation technique. The 3D cauliflower-shaped 7 wt-% Sr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles increase light harvesting features and also promote electron transport across grain boundaries. 3D cauliflower-shaped Sr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles offer low charge transfer resistance, which is validated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy spectrum. XRD studies of SnO2 and Sr-doped SnO2 have revealed a tetragonal structure, and PL spectra corroborate the greater charge splitting. This study may be the first ever report on the 3D microstructure of cauliflower-shaped 7 wt-% Sr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles that demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity under visible-light for MB dye solution.
ChengX-L, JiangJ-S, JinC-Y, . Cauliflower-like α-Fe2O3 microstructures: toluene–water interface-assisted synthesis, characterization, and applications in wastewater treatment and visible-light photocatalysis. Chem Eng J. 2014;236:139.
2.
AzizM, AbbasSS, Wan BaharomWR.Size-controlled synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles by sol–gel method. Mater Lett. 2013;91:31.
3.
ChengG, ChenJ, KeH, . Synthesis, characterization and photocatalysis of SnO2 nanorods with large aspect ratios. Mater Lett. 2011;65:3327.
4.
RamasamyE, LeeJW.Ordered mesoporous SnO2-based photoanodes for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells. J Phys Chem C. 2010;114(50):22032.
5.
AhmedA, Naseem SiddiqueM, AlamU, . Improved photocatalytic activity of Sr doped SnO2 nanoparticles: a role of oxygen vacancy. Appl Surf Sci. 2019;463:976.
6.
HayaS, BrahmiaO, HalimiO, . Sol–gel synthesis of Sr-doped SnO2 thin films and their photocatalytic properties. Mater Res Express. 2017;4(10):106406.
7.
OchsR, SzaboDV, SchlabachS, . Development of nanocomposites for anode materials in Li-ion batteries. Phys Status Sol (a)2011;208(2):471.
8.
DuttaD, BahadurD. Optical properties and defect related measurement of SnO2. In: AIP conference proceedings. Vol. 1512. American Institute of Physics; 2013. p. 1046.
9.
PereiraA, CultreraL, DimaA, . Pulsed laser deposition and characterization of textured Pd-doped-SnO2 thin films for gas sensing applications. Thin Solid Films. 2006;497:142.
10.
GanapathyV, KongE-H, ParkY-C, . Cauliflower-like SnO2 hollow microspheres as anode and carbon fiber as cathode for high performance quantum dot and dye-sensitized solar cells. Nanoscale. 2014;6:3296.
11.
PakhareKS, SargarBM, PotdarSS, . SILAR synthesis of SnO2–ZnO nanocomposite sensor for selective ethanol gas. Bull Mater Sci. 2022;45:68.
LiR, NieS, MiaoC, . Heterostructural Sn/SnO2 microcube powders coated by a nitrogen-doped carbon layer as good-performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2022;606:1042–1054.
14.
MouH, XinY, MiaoC, . Amorphous SnO2 nanoparticles embedded into a three-dimensional porous carbon matrix as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta. 2021;397:139286.
15.
ShaikhFI, ChikhaleLP, MullaIS, . Synthesis and enhanced ethanol sensing performance of nanostructured Sr doped SnO2 thick film sensor. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron. 2017;28:3128.
16.
WangN, ZhouW, LiangY, . Oxygen vacancy-mediated room temperature ferromagnetism in Sr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 2015;26(10):7751.
17.
KongEH, LimJ, ChangY, . Aerosol OT/water system coupled with triiodide/iodide (I3−/I−) redox electrolytes for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. Adv Energy Mater. 2013;3:1344.
18.
LiX, LiuY, LiS, . Silicon nanowires for solar thermal energy harvesting: an experimental evaluation on the trade-off effects of the spectral optical properties. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2016;11(1):1.
19.
CampbellRA, ParkerSR, DayJP, . External reflection FTIR spectroscopy of the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) on an overflowing cylinder. Langmuir. 2004;20(20):8740.
20.
Ali BaigAB, RathinamV, PalaninathanJ.Fabrication of Zr-doped SnO2 nanoparticles with synergistic influence for improved visible-light photocatalytic action and antibacterial performance. Appl Water Sci. 2020;10(2):1.
21.
SuganthiN, PushpanathanK.Cerium doped ZnS nanorods for photocatalytic degradation of turquoise blue H5G Dye. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater. 2019;29(4):1141.
22.
LiN, DuK, LiuG, . Effects of oxygen vacancies on the electrochemical performance of tin oxide. J Mater Chem A. 2013;1:1536.
23.
LuoS, ChuPK, LiuW, . Origin of low-temperature photoluminescence from SnO2 nanowires fabricated by thermal evaporation and annealed in different ambients. Appl Phys Lett. 2006;88:183112.
24.
HunashimaradBG, BhatJS, RaghavendraPV, . Photoluminescence in strontium doped tin oxide thin films. Opt Mater. 2021;114:110962.
25.
SalehiA, GhodsiFE, MazloomJ, . Tuning of optical bandgap, conductivity parameters, and PL emissions of SnO2:Ni thin films under Ar, N2, and O2 annealing. Appl Phys A. 2018;124:1.
26.
ChoudhariU, JagtapaS.Electrochemical studies on doped SnO2nanocomposite for selective detection of lung cancer biomarkers. AIP Adv. 2021;11:125327.
27.
PrakashK, Senthil KumarP, PandiarajS, . Controllable synthesis of SnO2 photocatalyst with superior photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue dye solution. J Exp Nanosci. 2016;11:1138.
28.
AdeyemiJO, ElemikeEE, OnwudiweDC.Zno nanoparticles mediated by aqueous extracts of Dovyalis caffra fruits and the photocatalytic evaluations. Mater Res Express. 2019;6:125091.
AsaithambiS, SakthivelP, KaruppaiahM, . Visible light induced photocatalytic performance of Mn-SnO2@ZnO nanocomposite for high efficient cationic dye degradation. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron. 2021;32:22168.
31.
RajILP, RevathyMS, JehinderJ, . Study on the synergistic effect of terbium-doped SnO2 thin film photocatalysts for dye degradation. J Nanopart Res. 2020;22:359.
