Copper alumina (Cu-Al2O3) reinforced poly(aniline-co-indole) (PANI-co-PIN) nanocomposites were prepared and characterised by UV-vis spectroscopy, FE-SEM and DSC. The bandgap energy decreased with the addition of Cu-Al2O3 to PANI-co-PIN. The FE-SEM confirms the uniform dispersion of nanoparticles in the copolymer. The DSC showed a shift in glass transition temperatures to higher regions with Cu-Al2O3 concentrations. The frequency-temperature-dependent dielectric parameters and electrical conductivity of nanocomposites were investigated. Activation energy calculated from Arrhenius equation decreases with increasing frequency. The real and imaginary part of electric modulus implies the thermally activated dielectric relaxations. The decreasing radius of semicircles in Nyquist plot with increasing temperatures indicates the existence of thermally activated conduction mechanisms. Different theoretical models were used to predict the DC conductivity mechanism in copolymer nanocomposites.
MaJJiYShenX.Synthesis and characterisation of Ni-doped Fe3O4/polypyrrole magnetic and conducting nanocomposites with core–shell structure. Mater Sci Technol. 2009;25:1279–1282.
2.
PatilSSainkarSRPatilPP.Electrodeposition of poly(o-anisidine) coatings onto copper. Mater Sci Technol. 2004;20:795–799.
3.
SankarSRamesanMT.Synthesis, characterization, conductivity and gas sensing performance of copolymer nanocomposites based on copper alumina and poly (aniline-co-pyrrole). Polym Eng Sci. 2022;62:2402–2410.
4.
CarpiFDe RossiD.Colours from electroactive polymers: electrochromic, electroluminescent and laser devices based on organic materials. Opt Laser Technol. 2006;38:292–305.
5.
HuangJTuJLvYAchieving mesoporous MnO2@ polyaniline nanohybrids via a gas/liquid interfacial reaction between aniline and KMnO4 aqueous solution towards Zn-MnO2 battery. Synth Met. 2020;266:116438.
6.
BabaeiZRezaeiBPishehMKIn situ synthesis of gold/silver nanoparticles and polyaniline as buffer layer in polymer solar cells. Mater Chem Phys. 2020;248:122879.
7.
BekhoukhAMouleferaISabantinaLDevelopment, investigation, and comparative study of the effects of various metal oxides on optical electrochemical properties using a doped PANI matrix. Polymers (Basel). 2021;13:3344.
8.
HamdyMSAbd-RabbohHSMBenaissaMFabrication of novel polyaniline/ZnO heterojunction for exceptional photocatalytic hydrogen production and degradation of fluorescein dye through direct Z-scheme mechanism. Opt Mater. 2021;117:111198.
9.
KohutODragounováKUkraintsevENon-conducting polyaniline nanofibrils and their physico-chemical behavior. Vacuum. 2020;171:108955.
10.
MajumderMChoudharyRBKoirySPGravimetric and volumetric capacitive performance of polyindole/carbon black/MoS2 hybrid electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Electrochim Acta. 2017;248:98–111.
11.
SankarSNaikAAAnilkumarTCharacterization, conductivity studies, dielectric properties, and gas sensing performance of in situ polymerized polyindole/copper alumina nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci. 2020;137:49145.
12.
FurhanRamesan MT.Zinc oxide reinforced poly(para-aminophenol) nanocomposites: structural, thermal stability, conductivity and ammonia gas sensing applications. J Macromol Sci A. 2022;59:675–688.
SankarSGeorgeARamesanMT.Copper alumina @ poly (aniline-co-indole) nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization, electrical properties and gas sensing applications. RSC Adv. 2022;12:17637–17644.
15.
AliTShahM.Processing and optical characterization of ultra-sensitive humidity and pressure sensors based on polyaniline/holmium oxide hybrid nanocomposites. Sens Actuat A: Phys. 2021;331:113040.
16.
IbrahimJSHanafiNEl-TayebTAPolypyrrole-gold nanocomposites as a promising photothermal agent: preparation, characterization and cytotoxicity study, spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2022;264:120221.
17.
PerumalAKannanSNallaiyanR.Silver nanoparticles incorporated polyaniline on TiO2 nanotube arrays: A nanocomposite platform to enhance the biocompatibility and antibiofilm, surf. Interfaces (Providence). 2021;22:100892.
18.
JayakrishnanPJithinKKMeeraKSynthesis, characterization, magnetoelectric properties and gas sensing application of poly (anthranilic acid-co-indole)/ magnetite nanocomposites. J Thermoplast Compos Mater. 2022. doi:10.1177/08927057221098969.
19.
PonnaiahSKPrakashP.A new high-performance supercapacitor electrode of strategically integrated cerium vanadium oxide and polypyrrole nanocomposite. Int J Hydrog Energy. 2021;46:19323–19337.
20.
ArabaliVMalekmohammadiSKarimiF.Surface amplification of pencil graphite electrode using CuO nanoparticle/polypyrrole nanocomposite; A powerful electrochemical strategy for determination of tramadol. Microchem J. 2020;158:105179.
21.
PrasannaGDJayannaHSPrasadV.Preparation, structural, and electrical studies of polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci. 2011;120:2856–2862.
22.
ShivakumaraSMunichandraiahN.In-situ preparation of nanostructured α-MnO2/polypyrrole hybrid composite electrode materials for high performance supercapacitor. J Alloy Compd. 2019;787:1044–1050.
23.
TangWWangJ.Methanol sensing micro-gas sensors of SnO2-ZnO nanofibers on Si/SiO2/Ti/Pt substrate via stepwise-heating electrospinning. J Mater Sci. 2015;50:4209–4220.
24.
YuSJiaXYangJHighly sensitive ethanol gas sensor based on CuO/ZnSnO3 heterojunction composites. Mater Lett. 2021;291:129531.
25.
AliLIEl-MollaSAIbrahimMMEffect of preparation methods and optical band gap of ZnO nanomaterials on photodegradation studies. Opt Mater. 2016;58:484–490.
26.
WangBBZhongXXZhuJTuned structures and enhanced photoluminescence of WO3-x nanomaterials by TiO2. Mater Sci Eng B. 2022;275:115516.
27.
KarthickKSureshS.Effect of adding alumina nanoparticle in D-Mannitol for reversible solar thermoelectric power generation: An experimental study. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells. 2021;219:110781.
28.
KimBSongJKimJYThe control of particle size distribution for fabricated alumina nanoparticles using a thermophoretic separator. Adv Powder Technol. 2019;30:2094–2100.
29.
ShenashenMDerbalahAHamzaAAntifungal activity of fabricated mesoporous alumina nanoparticles against root rot disease of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporium. Pest Manag Sci. 2017;73:1121–1126.
30.
SumeshKRKanthavelK.Green synthesis of aluminium oxide nanoparticles and its applications in mechanical and thermal stability of hybrid natural composites. J Polym Environ. 2019;27:2189–2200.
31.
ChandrasekharSBSarmaSSRamakrishnaMMicrostructure and properties of hot extruded Cu-1 wt.% Al2O3 nano-composites synthesized by various techniques. Mater Sci Eng A. 2014;591:46–53.
32.
SuárezFELLópezABGómezMJI.Cu/Al2O3 catalysts for soot oxidation: copper loading effect. Appl Catal B. 2008;84:651–658.
33.
MenonSSThomasMRamesanMT.Synthesis, characterization, gas sensing, and electrical property evaluation of polyaniline/copper-alumina nanocomposites. Polym Compos. 2020;41:900–910.
34.
SankarSParvathiKRamesanMT.Structural characterization, electrical properties and gas sensing applications of polypyrrole/Cu-Al2O3 hybrid nanocomposites. High Perform Polym. 2020;32:719–728.
35.
AlghamdiHMRajehA.Synthesis of CoFe2O4/MWCNTs nanohybrid and its effect on the optical, thermal, and conductivity of PVA/CMC composite as an application in electrochemical devices. J Inorg Organomet Polym. 2022;32:1935–1949.
36.
MaazaLDjafriFBenyoucefA.Evaluation of the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the thermal stability and optical and electrochemical properties of PANI-derived matrix reinforced conducting polymer composites. J Phys Chem Solids. 2021;152:109970.
37.
DavodiBLashkenariMSEisazadehH.Fabrication and thermal degradation behavior of polystyrene nanoparticles coated with smooth polyaniline. Synth Met. 2011;161:1207–1210.
38.
TajMManoharaSR.Significantly enhanced electrical and dielectric properties, and thermal stability of poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coated on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Synth Met. 2020;269:116572.
39.
DasMAkbarASarkarD.Investigation on dielectric properties of polyaniline (PANI) sulphonic acid (SA) composites prepared by interfacial polymerization. Synth Met. 2019;249:69–80.
40.
SamantaSJanaKGuptaKNiV2O6-incorporated poly-(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polymer nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization, temperature dependent dielectric property and ac-conductivity relaxation behaviour. Mater Chem Phys. 2016;182:173–181.
41.
DineshaMLPrasannaGDNaveenCSStructural and dielectric properties of Fe doped ZnO nanoparticles. Indian J Phys. 2013;87:147–153.
42.
ParvathiKBahuleyanBKRamesanMT.Optical, thermal and temperature dependent electrical properties of chlorinated natural rubber/copper alumina nanocomposites for flexible electrochemical devices. Res Chem Intermed. 2022;48:3897–3914.
43.
ParkHJOhKAParkMElectrical properties and conductivity mapping of thin multilayered films containing different types of carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem C. 2009;113:13070–13076.
44.
MahaniAAMotahariSNayyeriV.Synthesis, characterization and dielectric properties of one-step pyrolyzed/activated resorcinol-formaldehyde based carbon aerogels for electromagnetic interference shielding applications. Mater Chem Phys. 2018;213:492–501.
45.
ParvathiKRamesanMT.Enhanced optical, thermal and electrical properties of chlorinated natural rubber/zinc ferrite nanocomposites for flexible electrochemical devices. J Macromol Sci A. 2022;59:466–479.
46.
ParvathiKBahuleyanBKRamesanMT.Flexible conductive nanocomposites for electrochemical devices based on chlorinated natural rubber/nickel oxide nanoparticles. J Inorg Organomet Polym. 2022;32:2827–2842.
47.
SohiNJBhadraSKhastgirD.The effect of different carbon fillers on the electrical conductivity of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer-based composites and the applicability of different conductivity models. Carbon N Y. 2011;49:1349–1361.
