The elastic modulus of TiNi alloy was tailored by electroplastic rolling deformation and the effects of rolling strain and electropulse duration on the elastic modulus of electroplastic rolled TiNi alloy were systematically investigated. With rolling strain increasing from 0 to 1.70, the elastic modulus decreases from 61 to 30 GPa, which can be attributed to the increase in dislocation density and deformation-induced low modulus B19′ martensite phase. With electropulse duration increasing from 80 to 120 µs, the elastic modulus first decreases due to the volume fraction increase in low modulus B19′ martensite phase and then slightly increases on account of the dynamic recovery of dislocation and reverse martensite transformation resulted from electroplastic effect induced by high-energy electropulse.
GeethaMSinghAKAsokamaniRTi based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants – a review. Prog Mater Sci. 2009; 54(3):397–425. doi: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.06.004
2.
NiinomiMNakaiMHiedaJ.Development of new metallic alloys for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater. 2012; 8(11):3888–3903. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.06.037
3.
HaoSCuiLJiangDA transforming metal nanocomposite with large elastic strain, low modulus, and high strength. Science. 2013; 339:1191–1194. doi: 10.1126/science.1228602
4.
LeeYTWelschG.Young's modulus and damping of Ti-6AI-4 V alloy as a function of heat treatment and oxygen concentration. Mater Sci Eng A. 1990; 128:77–89. doi: 10.1016/0921-5093(90)90097-M
5.
KurodaPABQuadrosFAraújoREffect of thermomechanical treatments on the phases, microstructure, microhardness and Young's modulus of Ti-25Ta-Zr alloys. Materials (Basel). 2019; 12:3210. doi: 10.3390/ma12193210
6.
LiQMaGLiJDevelopment of low-Young's modulus Ti–Nb-based alloys with Cr addition. J Mater Sci. 2019; 54:8675–8683. doi: 10.1007/s10853-019-03457-0
7.
ZhouYLNiinomiMAkahoriT.Effects of Ta content on Young's modulus and tensile properties of binary Ti–Ta alloys for biomedical applications. Mater SciEng A. 2004; 371:283–290. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2003.12.011
8.
FanZ.On the Young's modulus of Ti-6Al-4 V alloys. Scripta Metall Mater. 1993; 29:1427–1432. doi: 10.1016/0956-716X(93)90331-L
9.
ZhangGSZhangQLiKFTailoring elastic admissible strain of TiZr alloy by cold rolling deformation. J Alloys Compd. 2019; 781:504–507. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.388
10.
HeGHagiwaraM.Ti alloy design strategy for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng C. 2006; 26(1):14–19. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2005.03.007
11.
HuLGuoSMengQMetastable β-type Ti-30Nb-1Mo-4Sn alloy with ultralow Young's modulus and high strength. Metall Mater Trans A. 2014; 45A: 547–550. doi: 10.1007/s11661-013-2134-8
12.
DaiSWangYChenFEffects of cold deformation on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–35Nb–9Zr–6Mo–4Sn alloy for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng A. 2013; 575:35–40. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2013.03.032
13.
ZhangXY.Heterostructures: new opportunities for functional materials. Mater Res Lett. 2020; 8:49–59. doi: 10.1080/21663831.2019.1691668
14.
HuangGLiXLouLEngineering bulk, layered, multi-component nanostructures with high energy density. Small. 2018; 14:1800619. doi: 10.1002/smll.201800619
15.
LiXLouLSongWNovel bimorphological anisotropic bulk nanocomposite materials with high energy products. Adv Mater. 2017; 29:1606430. doi: 10.1002/adma.201606430
16.
ValievR.Nanostructuring of metals by severe plastic deformation for advanced properties. Nat Mater. 2004; 3:511–516. doi: 10.1038/nmat1180
17.
LiWLiLLNanYControllable nanocrystallization in amorphous Nd9Fe85B6 via combined application of severe plastic deformation and thermal annealing. Appl Phys Lett. 2007; 91:062509. doi: 10.1063/1.2768023
18.
LiKLiMZhaoYAchieving ultralow elastic modulus in TiNi alloy by controlling nanoscale martensite phase. Mater Lett. 2018; 233:282–285. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.09.041
19.
ZhangYLiuZYZhaoZSPreparation of pure α″-phase titanium alloys with low moduli via high pressure solution treatment. J Alloys Compd. 2017; 695:45–51. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.053
20.
LanCBWuYGuoLLEffects of cold rolling on microstructure, texture evolution and mechanical properties of Ti-32.5Nb-6.8Zr-2.7Sn-0.3O alloy for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng A. 2017; 690:170–176. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2017.02.045
21.
HillRJHowardCJ.Quantitative phase analysis from neutron powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method. J Appl Crystallogr. 1987; 20(6):467–474. doi: 10.1107/S0021889887086199
22.
LiXLouLSongWControllably manipulating three-dimensional hybrid nanostructures for bulk nanocomposites with large energy products. Nano Lett. 2017; 17(5):2985–2993. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00264
23.
GuanLTangGChuPK.Recent advances and challenges in electroplastic manufacturing processing of metals. J Mater Res. 2010; 25(7):1215–1224. doi: 10.1557/JMR.2010.0170
24.
LiMGuoDLiJAchieving heterogeneous structure in hcp Zr via electroplastic rolling. Mater Sci Eng A. 2018; 722:93–98. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.02.106
25.
ZhuRFTangGYShiSQEffect of electroplastic rolling on the ductility and superelasticity of TiNi shape memory alloy. Mater Des. 2013; 44:606–611. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2012.08.045
26.
ConradH.Effects of electric current on solid state phase transformations in metals. Mater SciEng A. 2000; 287:227–237. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)00780-2
27.
ZhuYToSLeeWBElectropulsing-induced phase transformations in a Zn–Al-based alloy. J Mater Res. 2009; 24(8):2661–2669. doi: 10.1557/jmr.2009.0300
28.
StolyarovVV.Deformability and nanostructuring of TiNi shape-memory alloys during electroplastic rolling. Mater SciEng A. 2009; 503:18–20. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2008.01.094
29.
LinHCWuSK.The tensile behavior of a cold-rolled and reverse-transformed equiatomic TiNi alloy. Acta Metall Mater. 1994; 42(5):1623–1630. doi: 10.1016/0956-7151(94)90371-9
30.
HaoYLLiSJSunSYElastic deformation behaviour of Ti–24Nb–4Zr–7.9Sn for biomedical applications. Acta Biomater. 2007; 3(2):277–286. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2006.11.002
31.
SureshKSLahiriDAgarwalAMicrostructure dependent elasticmodulus variation in NiTi shape memory alloy. J Alloy Compd. 2015; 633:17–74. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.301
32.
QiuSClausenBPadulaSAOn elastic moduli and elastic anisotropy in polycrystalline martensitic NiTi. Acta Mater. 2011; 59(13):5055–5066. doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.018
