Ante el hecho sobradamente constatado de que el episodio esquizofrénico es profundamente desorganizador y su recuperación difícil e impredectible, se está prestando, en años recientes, una especial atención y esfuerzo al desarollo y puesta en práctica de programas preventivos. El modelo de vulnerabilidad a la esquizofrenia parece configurarse como el marco teórico y de trabajo más adecuado para tales programas. Tras revisar los postulados básicos de dicho modelo se presenta una revisión de los más relevantes estudios experimentales que están permitiendo la identificación de marcadores cognitivos de vulnerabilidad a la esquizofrenia en poblaciones de «alto riesgo». Se apunta, a continuación, la posibilidad de elaborar una batería que permita la identificación precoz de los sujetos que podrían convertirse en esquizofrénicos. Se analiza someramente algunos de los más importantes programas preventivos de esquizofrenia y se concluye que aún es pronto para emitir un juicio acerca de la eficacia de los mismos. Se deja patente, finalmente, que si bien todavía no estamos preparados para prevenir la esquizofrenia nos encontramos en el camino adecuado para conseguirlo.
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