Mario Carretero revisa las investigaciones de los últimos diez años que han estudiado el desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos desde una perspectiva transcultural. También delimita los principales enfoques de investigación y las aportaciones metodológicas más pertinentes. Entre estos enfoques el autor se centra fundamentalmente en la tendencia ecológico-diferencialista, repasando también algunas investigaciones piagetianas y los principales fundamentos del enfoque etnográfico. El autor presenta una panorámica general de las investigaciones transculturales sobre el desarrollo de la percepción y la dependencia-independencia de campo, haciendo hincapié en el modelo ecológico y en la relación existente entre determinadas prácticas socializadoras y el desarrollo del citado estilo cognitivo. En las conclusiones se destaca que están apareciendo algunos rasgos comunes entre las distintas tendencias y que el aspecto metodológico más discutido es el que se refiere a cuál de los dos enfoques, experimental o correlacional, es el más adecuado. Por último alude a los universales cognitivos, sosteniendo que apenas existen productos cognitivos universales pero sí muchos procesos comunes a todas las culturas y que la psicología evolutiva transcultural está apoyando la concepción interaccionista del desarrollo.
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