El interés por los efectos de la custodia diurna es reciente, y surge de la creciente utilización de esta forma de crianza infantil en los Estados Unidos, que a su vez es debida a la transformación que experimenta la familia norteamericana. Hasta la fecha se ha ido acumulando una gran cantidad de publicaciones sobre los efectos de la custodia diurna, aunque los hallazgos acumulados tienden a estar circunscritos por concentrarse los trabajos en programas de alta calidad y en sus efectos inmediatos. Los hechos indican que la custodia diurna no tiene efectos positivos ni negativos en el desarrollo intelectual de la mayoría de los niños desfavorecidos. También se ha demostrado que no ejerce influencias adversas en el vínculo emocional materno filial, excepto en ciertas condiciones, que se dan muy raramente. La experiencia de la custodia diurna atrae la atención hacia el papel que desempeña el grupo de compañeros en el desarrolo infantil, y parece que en este caso pueden hallarse efectos tanto positivos como negativos en las relaciones sociales con los compañeros. Sin embargo, la gran variedad de los programas existentes hace que sea importante no generalizar sin tener en cuenta las características de cada uno, y si se quieren comprender los efectos producidos se hace necesario investigar los procesos responsables de su aparición en cada tipo de situación.
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