La principal preocupación en el estudio del desarrollo moral se centra en el modo en el que el control por parte de otros se ve reemplazado por el autocontrol. Un gran volumen de investigación se ha ocupado de las influencias ejercidas por las prácticas de crianza del niño y, en particular, con el tipo de disciplina adoptada por los padres. Con este fin, se han empleado tanto técnicas experimentales como correlaciónales, pero cada una de estas metodologías lleva anejas una serie de limitaciones. Ultimamente el foco ha dejado de estar exclusivamente centrado en los padres para pasar a incluir otras posibles fuentes de la moralidad, con especial referencia al papel de los compañeros y de la televisión. Estos estudios han prestado una especial atención a los posibles vínculos con la conduta violenta, aunque las conclusiones sobre tales influencias continúan aún siendo tentativas. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de pautas positivas de conducta como prestar ayuda, compartir, y otras pautas prosociales, han recibido también considerable atención en los últimos años, del mismo modo que han despertado un renovado interés los temas de culpa y empatia. Sobre la base de estos estudios, pueden establecerse juicios sobre los procesos que subyacen al desarrollo moral. En este artículo se exponen algunos de estos juicios.
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