La optimización del desarrollo es un problema central de la Psicología hoy en día. La finalidad del desarrollo es la efectividad. Todos tenemos las potencialidades necesarias para desarrollarnos hasta un nivel de efectividad, aunque para unas personas será más fácil que para otras. Esta efectividad relativa es lo que hay que optimizar. Altamente relacionados con esta efectividad personal están los conceptos de consonancia y disonancia con el medio. La probabilidad de un desarrollo óptimo será mayor cuando haya consonancia, por lo que es aconsejable que el psicólogo optimice la efectividad de las personas que rodean al niño mediante el asesoramiento adecuado. Este asesoramiento será también necesario cuando las exigencias de los adultos sobrepasen las competencias y recursos del niño, provocando así la disonancia.
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