Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The aim of this study was to characterize the main vascular lesions seen in the saline controls in continuous infusion studies in monkeys. Data were collected from 17 studies over an 8-year period (ie, around 50 males and 50 females). The study was restricted to lesions at the injection site, in lungs and at the entry point. It showed that the level of the most severe procedure-related lesions (ie, necrosis with abscess formation at the injection site and at the entry point, thromboemboli and probable infarcts in lungs) was low (<10%). Minor changes such as endothelial hyperplasia and intimal thickening at the injection site, and low-graded interstitial pneumonitis in lungs were the most frequent changes (40 to 50% of the animals). Thrombi at the injection site were present in around 30% in males and 40% in females. The slightly higher incidence of thrombi in females was not explained by a difference of vessel size or by hematological differences. This study permitted an opportunity to harmonise terminology among pathologists and to define the main procedure-related changes and their incidence, which could help pathologists better interpret changes in future infusion studies.

Keywords

Intravenous infusion saline vascular lesions primate injection toxicology.

References

Appelgren P. , Ransjo U. , Bindslev L. , Espersen F. , Larm O. (1996). Surface heparinization of central venous catheters reduces microbial colonization in vitro and in vivo: Results from a prospective, randomized trial. Crit Care Med 24: 1482—1489.

Arnander C. , Bagger-Sjoback D. , Frebelius S. , Larsson R. , Swedenborg J. (1987). Long-term stability in vivo of a thromboresistant heparinized surface. Biomaterials 8: 496—499.

Curelaru I. , Gustavsson B. , Hansson AH , Linder LE , Stenqvist O. , Wojciechowski J. (1983). Material thrombogenicity in central venous catheterization. A comparison between plain silicone elastomer, and plain polyethylene, long, antebrachial catheters. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 27: 158—164.

Edelman ER , Karnovsky MJ (1994). Contrasting effects of the intermittent and continuous administration of heparin in experimental restenosis. Circulation 89: 770—776.

Evans JG , Kerry PJ (2000). Common pathological findings in continuous infusion studies. In: Handbook of Pre-Clinical Continuous Intravenous Infusion, Healing G , Smith D (eds). Taylor & Francis , London, pp 253—264.

Hickling K. , Smith D. (2000). The contribution of vehicles, rates of administration and volumes to infusion studies. In: Handbook of Pre-Clinical Continuous Intravenous Infusion, Healing G , Smith D (eds). Taylor & Francis, London, pp 285—297.

Hysell DK , Abrams GD (1967). Complications in the use of indwelling vascular catheters in laboratory animals. Lab Anim Care 17: 273—280.

Jacobson A. (2000). Equipment for continuous intravenous infusion . In: Handbook of Pre-Clinical Continuous Intravenous Infusion , Healing G , Smith D (eds). Taylor & Francis, London, pp 299—325.

Marosok R. , Washburn R. , Indorf A. , Solomon D. , Sherertz R. (1996). Contribution of vascular catheter material to the pathogenesis of infection: Depletion of complement by silicone elastomer in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res 30: 245—250.

10.

Mendenhall V. , Cornell S. , Scalaro MA (2000). Surgical preparation and infusion of the large primate. In: Handbook of Pre-Clinical Continuous Intravenous Infusion, Healing G , Smith D (eds). Taylor & Francis, London, pp 165—180.

11.

Morton D. , Safron JA , Glosson J. , Rice DW , Wilson DM , White RD (1997). Histologic lesions associated with intravenous infusions of large volumes of isotonic saline solution in rats for 30 days . Toxicol Pathol 25: 390— 394.

12.

Sherertz RJ , Carruth WA , Marosok RD , Espeland MA , Johnson RA , Solomon DD (1995). Contribution of vascular catheter material to the pathogenesis of infection: The enhanced risk of silicone in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res 29: 635—645.

13.

Walker MD (2000). Multidose infusion toxicity studies in the large primate. In: Handbook of Pre-Clinical Continuous Intravenous Infusion, Healing G , Smith D (eds). Taylor & Francis , London, pp 181—209.

14.

Washer GR (2001). Non clinical safety evaluation by intravenous infusion. Technical and design considerations. In: Regulatory and Safety Evaluation Specialty Section, Newsletter of the Society of Toxicology, Fall 2001.

15.

Welch GW , McKeel DW Jr, Silverstein P. , Walker HL (1974). The role of catheter composition in the development of thrombophlebitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 138: 421—424.

Main Vascular Changes Seen in the Saline Controls of Continuous Infusion Studies in the Cynomolgus Monkey over an Eight-Year Period

Abstract

Keywords

References