Compared to the American and English park movement, the development of parks in Singapore has a relatively short history, beginning only in the 1960s. Yet it calls attention to one major dynamic: its development has grown out of an effort to solve the problems arising from the twin processes of industrialisation and urbanisation. This paper examines the trajectory of park development in Singapore, identifying the main phases and factors in its development.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Burtenshaw, D., Bateman, M. and Ashworth, G. (1991) The European City: A Western Perspective. London: David Fulton Publishers.
2.
Castells, M., Goh, L.Kwok, R. and Toh, L.K. (1992) Economic development and housing policy in the Asian Pacific Rim: a comparative study of Hong Kong, Singapore and Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Monograph 37, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley.
3.
Chadwick, G.F. (1966) The Park and the Town. London : The Architectural Press.
4.
Cranz, G. (1982) The Politics of Park Design. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
5.
Dower, M. (1965) Fourth wave, Architecture Journal , 141(3), pp. 122-190.
6.
Gold, S.M. (1973) Urban Recreation Planning. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.
7.
Gothein, M.L. (1928) A History of Garden Art. New York: Dutton Publishing.
8.
Housing And Development Board (1972-77) Annual Reports. Singapore.
9.
Inglis, F. (1977) Nation and community: a landscape and its morality , The Sociological Review, 25, pp. 489-513.
10.
Khublall, N. and Yuen, B. (1991) Planning Law and Development Control in Singapore . Singapore : Longman.
11.
Laurie, I. (1979) Nature in Cities. Chichester : John Wiley.
12.
Lee, S.K. and Chua, S.E. (1992) More than a Garden City. Singapore : Parks and Recreation Department, Ministry of National Development.
13.
Lim, W.S.W. (1990) Cities for People: Reflections of a Southeast Asian Architect. Singapore: Select Books Pte Ltd.
14.
McHarg, I. (1973) The place of nature in the city of man, in: I. G. Barbour (Ed.) Western Man and Environmental Ethics: Attitudes Towards Nature and Technology. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
15.
Mirror (1988) Singapore is well known for its garden city image, 24(9), pp. 8-10.
16.
Motha, P. and Yuen, B.K.P. (1989) Singapore Real Property Guide. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
17.
Pata (1991) Travel News AsialPacific . May.
18.
Planning Department, Singapore (1983) Land and Building Use: Report of Survey. Singapore : Ministry of National Development.
19.
Revised Master Plan, 1965-1985. Singapore.
20.
Thacker, C. (1979) The History of Gardens. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
21.
United Nations (1989) Prospects of World Urbanization 1988. New York: UN Publications.
22.
Urban Redevelopment Authority (1991) Living the Next Lap: Towards a Tropical City of Excellence. Singapore: URA.
23.
Veal, A.J. (1981) Planning for Leisure: Three Approaches. Papers in Leisure Studies No. 5, Polytechnic of North, London.
24.
Wong, A. K. and Yeh, S. H. K. (Eds) (1985) Housing a Nation: 25 Years of Public Housing in Singapore. Singapore: Maruzen Asia.
25.
Yeh, S.H.K. and Tan, S.L. (1974/75) Satisfaction with living conditions in public housing estates in Singapore, Singapore Institute of Planners Journal, 4(1).
26.
Yeh, S.H.K. (1975) Public Housing in Singapore. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
27.
Yeh, S.H.K. (1989) The idea of the garden city, in: S. Sandhu and P. Wheatley (Eds) The Management of Success: The Moulding of Modern Singapore. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
28.
Yuen, B. (1991) Planning and development of industrial estates in Singapore, Third World Planning Review, 13(1), pp. 47-68.
