This study investigates how visitors evaluated a historical district that includes both authentic and manipulated elements. Using 13 bipolar scales, 323 visitors to the Kurashiki Bikan Historical Quarter were canvassed regarding their evaluations of the Quarter. The survey results suggest that perceptions of authenticity are a crucial factor affecting the overall evaluations of historical districts. Differences were observed, however, in the evaluative dimensions by which authenticity was assessed between visitors whose overall evaluations were favourable and those whose overall evaluations were unfavourable. It was also found that a sense of the maintenance of historical districts negatively affected the overall evaluations of visitors whose overall evaluations are unfavourable and that the duration of visitors' trips might be a significant determinant of overall favourability.
AdornoT. W. (1991) ‘The Culture Industry’, Routledge, London.
2.
AshworthG. J. (1991) ‘Heritage Planning: The Management of Urban Change’, Geopers, Groningen, The Netherlands.
3.
AshworthG. J. (1988) ‘Marketing the historic city for tourism’, in GoodallB.AsworthG. (eds), ‘Marketing in the Tourism Industry: The Promotion of Destination Regions’, Croom Helm, London, pp. 162–175.
4.
AshworthG. J.TunbridgeJ. E. (2000) ‘The Tourist-Historic City: Retrospect and Prospect of Managing the Heritage City’ (advances in tourism research series), Pergamon, Oxford, UK.
5.
AshworthG. J.VoogtH. (1994) ‘Marketing of tourism place: What are we doing?’, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 6, 3–4, 5–19.
6.
AshworthG. J.VoogtH. (1990) ‘Selling the City’, Belhaven, London.
BoorstinD. J. (1964) ‘The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-events in America’, Atheneum, New York.
9.
CaffynA.LutzJ. (1999) ‘Developing the heritage product in multi-ethnic cities’, Tourism Management, 20, 2, 213–221.
10.
CohenE. (1995) ‘Contemporary tourism: Trends and challenges sustainable authenticity of continued post-modernity’, in ButlerR.PearceD. (eds) ‘Change in Tourism: People, Places and Processes’, Routledge, London, pp. 12–29.
11.
CohenE. (1988) ‘Authenticity and commoditization in tourism’, Annals of Tourism Research, 15, 3, 371–386.
12.
CohenE. (1979) ‘A phenomenology of tourist experiences’, Sociology, 13, 2, 179–201.
13.
CohenE. (1972) ‘Toward a sociology of international tourism’, Social Research: An International Quarterly of the Social Science, 39, 1, 164–182.
14.
The Development for the Preservation of Cultural Assets, Boards of Education, City of Kurashiki (2002) ‘Kurashiki no Machinami’ [The townscape of Kurashiki]. The Development for the Preservation of Cultural Assets, Boards of Education, City of Kurashiki, Japan, Kurashiki.
FitchJ. M. (1995) ‘Historic Preservation: Curatorial Management of the Built World’, University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville/London.
17.
GinterJ. L. (1974) ‘An experiment investigation of attitude change and choice of a new brand’, Journal of Marketing Research, 11, February, 30–40.
18.
GossJ. D. (1993) ‘Placing the market and marketing place: Tourist advertising of the Hawaiian islands 1972–1992’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 11, 663–688.
19.
GrahamB.AshworthG. J.TunbridgeJ. E. (2000) ‘A Geography of Heritage: Power, Culture and Economy’, Arnold, London.
20.
HalewoodC.HannamK. (2001) ‘Viking heritage tourism: Authenticity and commodification’, Annals of Tourism Research, 28, 3, 565–580.
21.
HashimotoK. (1999) ‘Kankojinruigakunosenryaku: Bunkanourikataurarekata’ [Strategy for Anthropology of Tourism: How to Buy and How to Sell a Culture], Sekaishisosha, Kyoto, Japan.
22.
HewisonR. (1987) ‘The Heritage Industry: Britain in a Climate of Decline’, Methuen, London.
23.
HobsbawnE.RangerT. (1983) ‘The Invention of Tradition’, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
24.
HudmanL. E.HawkinsD. E. (1989) ‘Tourism in Contemporary Society: An Introductory Text’, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
25.
The Japan Tourist Association (2001) ‘Heisei 11 Nendo Zenkokukankoudoukou’ [Trends in Tourism Throughout Japan 1999], The Japan Tourist Association, Tokyo.
26.
JohnsonN. C. (1999) ‘Framing the past: Time, space and politics of tourism in Ireland’, Political Geography, 18, 2, 187–207.
27.
KnoxR. E.InksterJ. A. (1968) ‘Post-decision dissonance at post time’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 4, 319–323.
28.
LewA. A. (1987) ‘A framework of tourist attraction research’, Annals of Tourism Research, 14, 4, 553–575.
29.
LynchK. (1972) ‘What Time is this Place?’, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
30.
MacCannellD. (1976) ‘The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class’, University of California Press, Los Angeles.
31.
McKercherB.du CrosH. (2002) ‘Cultural Tourism’, The Haworth Hospitality Press, New York.
MoscardoG. (2000) ‘Cultural and heritage tourism: The great debates’, in FaulknerB.MoscardoG.EricL. (eds) ‘Tourism in the 21st Century: Lessons from Experience’, Continuum, London, pp. 3–17.
34.
NasarJ. L. (1998) ‘The Evaluative Image of the City’, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
35.
NishimuraY. (1995) ‘Changing concept of authenticity into the context of Japanese conservation history’, in LarserK. E. (ed.) ‘Nara conference on authenticity’, Proceedings, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris.
36.
PalmerC. (1999) ‘Tourism and the symbols of identity’, Tourism Management, 20, 3, 313–322.
37.
PlogS. C. (1972) ‘Why destination areas rise and fall in popularity’, in KellyE. M. (ed.) ‘Domestic and International Tourism’, Institute of Certified Travel Agents, Wallesey, MA.
