We present CiteWiz, an extensible framework for visualization of scientific citation networks. The system is based on a taxonomy of citation database usage for researchers, and provides a timeline visualization for overviews and an influence visualization for detailed views. The timeline displays the general chronology and importance of authors and articles in a citation database, whereas the influence visualization is implemented using the Growing Polygons technique, suitably modified to the context of browsing citation data. Using the latter technique, hierarchies of articles with potentially very long citation chains can be graphically represented. The visualization is augmented with mechanisms for parent–child visualization and suitable interaction techniques for interacting with the view hierarchy and the individual articles in the dataset. We also provide an interactive concept map for keywords and co-authorship using a basic force-directed graph layout scheme. A formal user study indicates that CiteWiz is significantly more efficient than traditional database interfaces for high-level analysis tasks relating to influence and overviews, and equally efficient for low-level tasks such as finding a paper and correlating bibliographical data.
ElmqvistNTsigasP. Causality visualization using animated growing polygons. In: MunznerTNorthS (Eds). Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 19–21 October 2003 (Seattle, WA, USA), IEEE Computer Society Press: Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2003; 189–196.
2.
GhoniemMFeketeJ-DCastagliolaP. On the readability of graphs using node–link and matrix-based representations: A controlled experiment and statistical analysis. Information Visualization2005; 4: 114–135.
3.
ModjeskaDTzerposVFaloutsosPFaloutsosM. BIVTECI: a bibliographic visualization tool. Proceedings of the 1996 Conference of the Centre of Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research, 1996; p 28.
MackinlayJDRaoRCardSK. An organic user interface for searching citation links. In: KatzIRMackRMarksLRossonMBNielsenJ (Eds). Proceedings of ACM CHI1995 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 7–11 May 1995 (Denver, CO, USA), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 1995; 67–73.
YangJWardMORundensteinerEA. InterRing: an interactive tool for visually navigating and manipulating hierarchical structures. In: WongPCAndrewsK (Eds). Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 28–29 October 2002 (Boston, Massachusetts, USA), IEEE Computer Society Press: Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2002; 77–84.
11.
BoyackKWWylieBNDavidsonGS. Domain visualization using VxInsight for science and technology management. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology2002; 53: 764–774.
12.
DavidsonGSHendricksonBJohnsonDKMeyersCEWylieBN. Knowledge mining with VxInsight: Discovery through interaction. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems1998; 11: 259–285.
13.
ChenC. CiteSpace II: Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology2006; 57: 359–377.
14.
KesslerMM. Bibliographic coupling between scientific papers. American Documentation1963; 14: 10–25.
15.
SmallHG. Co-citation in the scientific literature: A new measure of the relationship between two documents. Journal of the American Society for Information Science1973; 24: 265–269.
16.
BrandesUWillhalT. Visualization of bibliographic networks with a reshaped landscape metaphor. In: EbertDBrunetPNavazoI (Eds). Proceedings of the Symposium on Data Visualisation 27–29 May 2002 (Barcelona, Spain), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2002; 159–164.
17.
ChalmersMChitsonP. Bead: Explorations in information visualization. In: BelkinNJIngwersenPPejtersenAM (Eds). Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval 21–24 June 1992 (Copenhagen, Denmark), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 1992; 330–337.
18.
ChenC. Visualising semantic spaces and author co-citation networks in digital libraries. Information Processing and Management1999; 35: 401–420.
19.
ChenCMorrisS. Visualizing evolving networks: minimum spanning trees versus pathfinder networks. In: MunznerTNorthS (Eds). Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 19–21 October 2003 (Seattle, WA, USA), IEEE Computer Society Press: Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2003; 67–74.
20.
HemmjeMKunkelCWillettA. Lyberworld – A visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval. Proceedings of the ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, 1994; 249–259.
21.
PlaisantCMilashBRoseAWidoffSShneidermanB. Lifelines: visualizing personal histories. In: SchofieldKTauberMJ (Eds). Proceedings of ACM CHI1996 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 13–18 April 1996 (Vancouver, BC, Canada), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 1996; 221–227.
22.
BemmerlTBraumP. Visualization of message passing parallel programs with the TOPSYS parallel programming environment. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing1993; 18: 118–128.
23.
SochaDBaileyMLNotkinD. Voyeur: graphical views of parallel programs. In: WexelbaltRL (Ed). Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Debugging 5–6 May 1988 (Madison, WI, USA), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 1989; 206–215.
24.
MorrisSAYenGGWuZAsnakeB. Time line visualization of research fronts. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology2003; 54: 413–422.
25.
GarfieldE. Historiographs, librarianship, and the history of science. In: RawskiCH (Ed). Toward a Theory of Librarianship.Scarecrow Press: Metuchen, NJ, USA, 1973; 380–402.
26.
PlaisantCLeeBParrCSFeketeJ-DHenryN. Task taxonomy for graph visualization. In: BertiniEPlaisantCSantucciG (Eds). Proceedings of Beyond time and errors: novel evaluation methods for Information Visualization (BELIV1906) 23 May 2006 (Venice, Italy), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 2006; 82–86.
27.
DenningPJ. The ACM Digital Library goes live. Communications of the ACM1997; 40: 28–29.
28.
GilesCLBollackerKLawrenceS. CiteSeer: an automatic citation indexing system. In: WittenIAkscynRShipmanFM (Eds). Digital Libraries 98 – The Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries 23–26 July 1998 (Pittsburgh, PA, USA), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 1998; 89–98.
29.
WiseJAThomasJJPennockKLantripDPottierMSchurACrowV. Visualizing the non-visual: spatial analysis and interaction with information from text documents. In: GershonNEickS (Eds). Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 30–31 October 1995 (Atlanta, GA, USA), IEEE Computer Society Press: Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 1995; 51–58.
30.
DiBattistaGEadesPTamassiaRTollisIG. Graph Drawing: Algorithms for the Visualization of Graphs.Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1999.
31.
KamadaTKawaiS. An algorithm for drawing general undirected graphs. Information Processing Letters1989; 31: 7–15.
32.
FruchtermanTMJReingoldEM. Graph drawing by force-directed placement. Software – Practice and Experience1991; 21: 1129–1164.
33.
FurnasGW. Generalized fisheye views. In: ManteiMOrbetonP (Eds). Proceedings of the ACM CHI1986 Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems 13–17 April 1986 (Boston, MA, USA), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 1986; 16–23.
34.
ShneidermanB. The eyes have it: a task by data type taxonomy for information visualizations. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages 3–6 September 1996 (Boulder, CO, USA), IEEE Computer Society: Chicago, IL, USA, 1996; 336–343.
35.
RobertsonGGMackinlayJDCardSK. Cone trees: animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. In: RobertsonSPOlsonGMOlsonJS (Eds). Proceedings of the ACM CHI1991 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA), ACM Press: New York, NY, USA, 1991; 189–194.
