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weak. A literature search for articles dealing with PSMS beliefs during the last two
decades produced conceptual definitions that we grouped into seven groups. Five groups
consisted of definitions that were domain-general, namely false beliefs, belief in
scientifically impossible phenomena, and associative biases (covariation bias, laws of
sympathetic magic, and irrational acts). Two sets of definitions were domain-specific
(content-dependent), namely counterintuitive and intuitive beliefs about physical,
biological, and psychological phenomena. Empirical methods were reviewed to show what
kinds of beliefs have been examined under the rubrics paranormal, supernatural, magical,
or superstitious. We concluded that the concepts paranormal, superstitious, magical, and
supernatural denote the same thing and that domain-general definitions are inadequately
precise. Defining PSMS beliefs as category mistakes that confuse the distinctive
attributes of mental phenomena, material objects, living, and animate organisms, and the
processes these engage in, fared best in distinguishing PSMS beliefs from other beliefs
and covering relevant beliefs. We suggest researchers sharpen the content of the measures
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