ICRU, 1998. Conversion Coefficients for use in Radiological Protection Against External Radiation. ICRU Report 57. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
10.
JCGM, 2008. Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM). Sèvres.
11.
ICRP, 1996. Conversion coefficients for use in radiological protection against external radiation. ICRP Publication 74. Ann. ICRP26(3/4).
12.
ICRP, 2002. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. ICRP Publication 89. Ann. ICRP32(3/4).
13.
ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP37(2–4).
ICRU, 1998. Conversion Coefficients for use in Radiological Protection Against External Radiation. ICRU Report 57. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
16.
ICRP, 1996. Conversion coefficients for use in radiological protection against external radiation. ICRP Publication 74. Ann. ICRP26(3/4).
17.
ICRP, 2002. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. ICRP Publication 89. Ann. ICRP32(3/4).
18.
ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP37(2–4).
ICRU, 1998. Conversion Coefficients for use in Radiological Protection Against External Radiation. ICRU Report 57. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
21.
BattistoniG.MuraroS.SalaP.R., 2006. The FLUKA code: description and benchmarking. In: AlbrowM.RajaR. (Eds.), Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop, 6–8 September 2006, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Batavia, IL, AIP Conference Proceeding 896, pp. 31–49.
22.
FassòA.FerrariA.RanftJ., 2005. FLUKA: a multi-particle transport code. CERN-2005-10 (2005), INFN/TC_05/11, SLAC-R-773. CERN, Geneva.
ICRU, 1998. Conversion Coefficients for use in Radiological Protection Against External Radiation. ICRU Report 57. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
31.
IwaseH.NiitaK.NakamuraT., 2002. Development of a general-purpose particle and heavy ion transport Monte Carlo code. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 39, 1142–1151.
32.
KawrakowI.Mainegra-HingE.RogersD.W.O., 2009. The EGSnrc Code System: Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport. PIRS Report 701. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa.
33.
NiitaK.SatoT.IwaseH., 2006. PHITS — a particle and heavy ion transport code system. Radiat. Meas. 41, 1080–1090.
34.
NiitaK.MatsudaN.IwamotoY., 2010. PHITS — Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System, Version 2.23. JAEA-Data/Code 2010-022. Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura.
35.
PelowitzD.B., 2008. MCNPX User's Manual, Version 2.6.0. LA-CP-07-1473. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
36.
WatersL.S., 2002. MCNPX User's Manual, Version 2.3.0. Report LA-UR-02-2607. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
37.
ICRP, 1977. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 26. Ann. ICRP1(3).
38.
ICRP, 1979. Limits for intakes of radionuclides by workers. Part 1. ICRP Publication 30. Ann. ICRP2(3/4).
39.
ICRP, 1991. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Ann. ICRP21(1–3).
40.
ICRP, 1995. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: the skeleton. ICRP Publication 70. Ann. ICRP25(2).
41.
ICRP, 2002. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. ICRP Publication 89. Ann. ICRP32(3/4).
CristyM.EckermanK.F., 1987. Specific Absorbed Fractions of Energy at Various Ages from Internal Photon Sources. Vol. 1–7. ORNL Report TM-8381/Vol. 1–7. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.
44.
ICRP, 1991. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Ann. ICRP21(1–3).
45.
ICRP, 2002. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. ICRP Publication 89. Ann. ICRP32(3/4).
46.
ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP37(2–4).
ICRP, 2012. ICRP statement on tissue reactions and early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs: threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context. ICRP Publication 118. Ann. ICRP41(1–3).
49.
ICRU, 1985. Determination of Dose Equivalents Resulting from External Radiation Sources. ICRU Report 39. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
50.
ICRU, 1993. Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. ICRU Report 51. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
51.
ICRU, 2001. Determination of Operational Dose Equivalent Quantities for Neutrons. ICRU Report 66. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
52.
KramerR.ZanklM.WilliamsG., 1982. The Calculation of Dose from External Photon Exposures Using Reference Human Phantoms and Monte Carlo Methods. Part I: the Male (Adam) and Female (Eva) Adult Mathematical Phantoms. GSF Report S-885. GSF — National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg.
53.
SnyderW.S.FordM.R.WarnerG.G., 1969. Estimates of absorbed fractions for monoenergetic photon sources uniformly distributed in various organs of a heterogeneous phantom. Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee Pamphlet No. 5. J. Nucl. Med. 10 (Suppl. 3).
54.
CristyM.EckermanK.F., 1987. Specific Absorbed Fractions of Energy at Various Ages from Internal Photon Sources. Vol. 1–7. ORNL Report TM-8381/Vol. 1–7. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.
55.
ICRP, 1991. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Ann. ICRP21(1–3).
56.
ICRP, 2002. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. ICRP Publication 89. Ann. ICRP32(3/4).
57.
ICRP, 2003. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE), quality factor (Q), and radiation weighting factor (WR). ICRP Publication 92. Ann. ICRP33(4).
58.
ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP37(2–4).
ICRU, 1985. Determination of Dose Equivalents Resulting from External Radiation Sources. ICRU Report 39. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
61.
ICRU, 1993. Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. ICRU Report 51. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
62.
ICRU, 1998a. Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation. ICRU Report 60. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
63.
ICRU, 1998b. Tissue Substitutes, Phantoms and Computational Modelling in Medical Ultrasound. ICRU Report 61. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
64.
ICRU, 2001. Determination of Operational Dose Equivalent Quantities for Neutrons. ICRU Report 66. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
65.
ICRU, 2011. Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation (Revised). ICRU Report 85a. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
66.
KramerR.ZanklM.WilliamsG., 1982. The Calculation of Dose from External Photon Exposures Using Reference Human Phantoms and Monte Carlo Methods. Part I: the Male (Adam) and Female (Eva) Adult Mathematical Phantoms. GSF Report S-885. GSF - National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg.
67.
SnyderW.S.FordM.R.WarnerG.G., 1969. Estimates of absorbed fractions for monoenergetic photon sources uniformly distributed in various organs of a heterogeneous phantom. Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee Pamphlet No. 5. J. Nucl. Med. 10 (Suppl. 3).
BahadoriA.A.JohnsonP.B.JokischD.W., 2011. Response functions for computing absorbed dose to skeletal tissues from neutron irradiation. Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 6873–6897.
70.
BattistoniG.MuraroS.SalaP.R., 2006. The FLUKA code: description and benchmarking. In: AlbrowM.RajaR. (Eds.), Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop, 6–8 September 2006, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Batavia, IL, AIP Conference Proceeding 896, pp. 31–49.
71.
BergerM.J., 1963. Monte Carlo calculation of the penetration and diffusion of fast charged particles. In: AlderB.FernbachS.RotenbergM. (Eds.), Methods in Computational Physics. Academic Press, New York, pp. 135–215.
72.
BergerM.J.HubbellJ.H., 1987. XCOM: photon cross sections on a personal computer. NBSIR 87–3597. National Bureau of Standards (former name of NIST), Gaithersburg, MD.
73.
BourkeV.A.WatchmanC.J.ReithJ.D., 2009. Spatial gradients of blood vessels and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells within the marrow cavities of the human skeleton. Blood114, 4077–4080.
74.
BriesmeisterJ.F., 2000. MCNP - A General Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code, Version 4C. Report LA-13709-M. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
ChadwickM.B.YoungP.G.ChibaS., 1999. Cross section evaluations to 150 MeV for accelerator-driven systems and implementation in MCNPX. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 131, 293–328.
77.
FassòA.FerrariA.RanftJ., 2005. FLUKA: a Multi-particle Transport Code. CERN-2005–10 (2005), INFN/TC_05/11, SLAC-R-773. CERN, Geneva.
78.
FesefeldtH.C., 1985. Simulation of Hadronic Showers, Physics and Application. Technical Report PITHA 85-02, Physikalisches Institut, Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen.
79.
FurihataS., 2000. Statistical analysis of light fragment production from medium energy proton-induced reactions. Nucl. Instrum. MethodsB171, 251–258.
HalbleibJ.A.KensekR.P.ValdezG.D., 1992. TS Version 3.0: the Integrated TIGER Series of Coupled Electron/Photon Monte Carlo Transport Codes SAND91–1634. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185 and Livermore, California 94550, US.
83.
ICRP, 1977. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 26. Ann. ICRP1(3).
84.
ICRP, 1995. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: the skeleton. ICRP Publication 70. Ann. ICRP25(2).
85.
ICRP, 2002. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. ICRP Publication 89. Ann. ICRP32(3/4).
86.
ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP37(2–4).
ICRU, 1984. Stopping Powers for Electrons and Positrons. ICRU Report 37. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
89.
ICRU, 1992. Photon, Electron, Proton and Neutron Interaction Data for Body Tissues. ICRU Report 46. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
90.
IwamotoY.NiitaK.SakamotoY., 2008. Validation of the event generator mode in the PHITS code and its application. In: BersillonO.GunsingF.BaugeE.JacqminR.LerayS. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, April 2007, Nice, EDP Sciences, pp. 945–948.
91.
IwaseH.NiitaK.NakamuraT., 2002. Development of a general-purpose particle and heavy ion transport Monte Carlo code. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 39, 1142–1151.
92.
JohnsonJ.B.BahadoriA.A.EckermanK.F., 2011. Response functions for computing absorbed dose to skeletal tissues from photon irradiation - an update. Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 2347–2365.
93.
KawrakowI., 2002. Electron impact ionization cross sections for EGSnrc. Med. Phys. 29, 1230.
94.
KawrakowI.Mainegra-HingE.RogersD.W.O., 2009. The EGSnrc Code System: Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport. PIRS Report 701. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa.
95.
KerrG.D.EckermanK.F., 1985. Neutron and photon fluence-to-dose conversion factors for active marrow of the skeleton. In: SchraubeH.BurgerG.BoozJ. (Eds.), Fifth Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry, 17–21 September 1984, Munich, Germany, pp. 133–145.
96.
KirkB.L., 2010. Overview of Monte Carlo radiation transport codes. Radiat. Meas. 45, 1318–1322.
97.
KochH.W.MotzJ.W., 1959. Bremsstahlung cross-section formulas and related data. Rev. Mod. Phys. 31, 920–955.
98.
NaraY.OtukaN.OhnishiA., 1999. Relativistic nuclear collisions at 10 A GeV energies from p+Be to Au+Au with the hadronic cascade model. Phys. Rev. C61, 024901.
99.
NelsonW.R.HirayamaH.RogersD.W.O., 1985. The EGS4 Code System. SLAC Report 265. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA.
100.
NiitaK.ChibaS.MaruyamaT., 1995. Analysis of the (N, xN') reactions by quantum molecular dynamics plus statistical decay model. Phys. Rev. C52, 2620–2635.
101.
NiitaK.SatoT.IwaseH., 2006. PHITS - a particle and heavy ion transport code system. Radiat. Meas. 41, 1080–1090.
102.
NiitaK.IwamotoY.SatoT., 2008. A new treatment of radiation behaviour beyond one-body observables. In: BersillonO.GunsingF.BaugeE.JacqminR.LerayS. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, April 2007, Nice, EDP Sciences, pp. 1167–1169.
103.
NiitaK.MatsudaN.IwamotoY., 2010. PHITS - Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System, Version 2.23. JAEA-Data/Code 2010–022. Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura.
104.
ØverbøI.MorkK.J.OlsenA., 1973. Pair production by photons: exact calculations for unscreened atomic fields. Phys. Rev. A8, 668–684.
105.
PelowitzD.B., 2008. MCNPX User's Manual, Version 2.6.0. LA-CP-07-1473. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
106.
SatoT.KaseY.WatanabeR., 2009. Biological dose estimation for charged-particle therapy using an improved PHITS code coupled with a microdosimetric kinetic model. Radiat. Res. 171, 107–117.
107.
SeltzerS.M.BergerM.J., 1985. Bremsstrahlung spectra from electron interactions with screened atomic nuclei and orbital electrons. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B12, 95–134.
108.
SeltzerS.M.BergerM.J., 1986. Bremsstrahlung energy spectra from electrons with kinetic energy from 1 keV to 10 GeV incident on screened nuclei and orbital electrons of neutral atoms with Z = 1–100. Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables35, 345–418.
109.
SeuntjensJ.P.KawrakowI.BorgJ., 2002. Calculated and measured air-kerma response of ionization chambers in low and medium energy photon beams. In: SeuntjensJ.P.MobitP. (Eds.), Recent Developments in Accurate Radiation Dosimetry, Proceedings of an International Workshop, Montreal, July 14–18, 2002. Symposium Proceedings 13, Medical Physics Publishing, Madison, USA. pp. 69–84.
110.
WatchmanC.J.BourkeV.A.LyonJ.R., 2007. Spatial distribution of blood vessels and CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells within the marrow cavities of human cancellous bone. J. Nucl. Med. 48, 645–654.
111.
WatersL.S., 2002. MCNPX User's Manual, Version 2.3.0. Report LA-UR-02-2607. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
112.
YoungP.G.ArthurE.D.ChadwickM.B., 1996. Comprehensive nuclear model calculations: theory and use of the GNASH code. In: ReffoG.A. (Ed.), IAEA Workshop on Nuclear Reaction Data and Nuclear Reactors—Physics Design, and Safety, Trieste, 15 April–17 May, pp. 227–404.
113.
ZanklM.WittmannA., 2001. The adult male voxel model ‘Golem’ segmented from whole body CT patient data. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 40, 153–162.
114.
ZanklM.BeckerJ.FillU., 2005. GSF male and female adult voxel models representing ICRP Reference Man - the present status. In: The Monte Carlo Method: Versatility Unbounded in a Dynamic Computing World. Chattanooga, TN.
115.
ZieglerJ.F.BiersackJ.P.ZieglerM., 2003. SRIM - the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter. American Nuclear Society, La Grange Park, USA. Available at: www.srim.org (last accessed December 2011).
116.
AarnioP.A.MiihringH.J.RanftJ., 1990. FLUKA89. Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire informal report, Geneva.
117.
ChaoT.C.BozkurtA.XuX.G., 2001. Conversion coefficients based on the VIP-Man anatomical model and EGS4-VLSI code for external monoenergetic photons from 10 keV to 10 MeV. Health Phys. 81, 163–183.
118.
de BoorC., 1978. A Practical Guide to Splines. Springer Verlag, New York.
119.
FerrariA.PelliccioniM.PillonM., 1997. Fluence to effective dose conversion coefficients for muons. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 74, 227–233.
120.
FerrariA.PelliccioniM.PillonM., 1998. Fluence to effective dose conversion coefficients for negatively and positively charged pions. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 80, 361–370.
121.
FerrariP.GualdriniG., 2005. An improved MCNP version of the NORMAN voxel phantom for dosimetry studies. Phys. Med. Biol. 50, 4299–4316.
122.
FesefeldtH.C., 1985. Simulation of Hadronic Showers, Physics and Application. Technical Report PITHA 85-02.
ICRU, 1993. Stopping Power and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Particles. ICRU Report 49. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
132.
ICRU, 1998. Conversion Coefficients for use in Radiological Protection Against External Radiation. ICRU Report 57. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
133.
JonesD.G., 1997. A realistic anthropomorphic phantom for calculating organ doses arising from external photon irradiation. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 72, 21–29.
134.
KawrakowI.Mainegra-HingE.RogersD.W.O., 2009. The EGSnrc Code System: Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport. PIRS Report 701. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa.
135.
KramerR.ZanklM.WilliamsG., 1982. The Calculation of Dose from External Photon Exposures Using Reference Human Phantoms and Monte Carlo Methods, Part I: the Male (Adam) and Female (Eva) Adult Mathematical Phantoms. GSF Report S-885. GSF - National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg.
136.
KramerR.KhouryH.J.VieiraJ.W., 2005. Comparison between effective doses for voxel-based and stylized exposure models from photon and electron irradiation. Phys. Med. Biol. 50, 5105–5126.
137.
LeeC.LeeC.LeeJ.-K., 2006. On the need to revise the arm structure in stylized anthropomorphic phantoms in lateral photon irradiation geometry. Phys. Med. Biol. 51, N393–N402.
138.
PelowitzD.B., 2008. MCNPX User's Manual, Version 2.6.0. LA-CP-07-1473. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
139.
PraelR.E.LichtensteinH., 1989. User Guide to LCS: the LAHET Code System LA-UR-89-3014 (1989), Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM, USA.
140.
RogersD.W.O.BielajewA.F., 1990. Monte Carlo Techniques of Electron and Photon Transport for Radiation Dosimetry. In: KaseK.R.BjärngardB.E.AttixF.H. (Eds.), The Dosimetry of Ionizing Radiation. Vol. 3. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 427–539.
141.
RogersD.W.O.FaddegonB.A.DingG.X., 1995. BEAM: a Monte Carlo code to simulate radiotherapy treatment units. Med. Phys. 22, 503–524.
142.
RoussinR.W.KnightJ.R.HubbellJ.H., 1983. Description of the DLC-99/HUGO Package of Photon Interaction Data in ENDF/B-V Format. ORNL Report RSIC-46 (ENDF-335). Radiation Shielding Information Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.
143.
SatoT.TsudaS.SakamotoY., 2003. Conversion coefficients from fluence to effective dose for heavy ions with energies up to 3 GeV/A. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 106, 137–144.
144.
SatoT.EndoA.ZanklM., 2009. Fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients for neutrons and protons calculated using the PHITS code and ICRP/ICRU adult reference computational phantoms. Phys. Med. Biol. 54, 1997–2014.
145.
SatoT.EndoA.NiitaK., 2010. Fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients for heavy ions calculated using the PHITS code and the ICRP/ICRU adult reference computational phantoms. Phys. Med. Biol. 55, 2235–2246.
146.
SchlattlH.ZanklM.Petoussi-HenssN., 2007. Organ dose conversion coefficients for voxel models of the reference male and female from idealized photon exposures. Phys. Med. Biol. 52, 2123–2145.
147.
SeltzerS.M., 1993. Calculation of photon mass energy-transfer and mass energy-absorption coefficients. Radiat. Res. 136, 147–170.
148.
SnyderW.S.FordM.R.WarnerG.G., 1969. Estimates of absorbed fractions for monoenergetic photon sources uniformly distributed in various organs of a heterogeneous phantom. Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee Pamphlet No. 5. J. Nucl. Med. 10 (Suppl. 3).
149.
SnyderW.S.FordM.R.WarnerG.G., 1978. Estimates of Specific Absorbed Fractions for Monoenergetic Photon Sources Uniformly Distributed in Various Organs of a Heterogeneous Phantom. Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee Pamphlet 5 Revised. Society of Nuclear Medicine, New York, NY.
150.
VeitR.ZanklM.PetoussiN., 1989. Tomographic Anthropomorphic Models. Part I: Construction Technique and Description of Models of an 8 Week Old Baby and a 7 Year Old Child. GSF Report 3/89. GSF - National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg.
151.
WarnerG.G.CraigA.M., 1968. ALGAM, a Computer Program for Estimating Internal Dose from Gamma-ray Sources in a Man Phantom. ORNL Report TM-2250. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN.
152.
ZanklM.FillU.Petoussi-HenssN., 2002. Organ dose conversion coefficients for external photon irradiation of male and female voxel models. Phys. Med. Biol. 47, 2367–2385.
DimbylowP.J.FrancisT.M., 1979. A Calculation of the Photon Depth-Dose Distributions in the ICRU Sphere for a Broad Parallel Beam, a Point Source and an Isotropic Field. National Radialogical Protection Board-R92. NRPB, London.
155.
DimbylowP.J.FrancisT.M., 1983. The effect of photon scatter and consequent electron build-up in air on the calculation of dose equivalent quantities in the ICRU sphere for photon energies from 0.662 to 10 MeV. Phys. Med. Biol. 28, 817–828.
156.
DimbylowP.J.FrancisT.M., 1984. The calculation of dose equivalent quantities in the ICRU sphere for photon energies from 0.01 to 10 MeV. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 9, 49–53.
157.
FerrariA.PelliccioniM., 1994a. On ambient dose equivalent. J. Radiol. Prot. 14, 331–335.
158.
FerrariA.PelliccioniM., 1994b. Dose equivalents for monoenergetic electrons incident on the ICRU sphere. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 55, 207–210.
159.
FerrariA.PelliccioniM., 1998. Fluence to effective dose conversion data and effective quality factors of high energy neutrons. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 76, 215–224.
160.
ICRP, 1987. Data for use in protection against external radiation. ICRP Publication 51. Ann. ICRP17(2/3).
161.
ICRP, 1996. Conversion coefficients for use in radiological protection against external radiation. ICRP Publication 74. Ann. ICRP26(3/4).
162.
ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP37(2–4).
163.
ICRU, 1985. Determination of Dose Equivalents Resulting from External Radiation Sources. ICRU Report 39. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
164.
ICRU, 1988. Measurement of Dose Equivalents from External Radiation Sources. Part 2. ICRU Report 43. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
165.
ICRU, 1992. Measurement of Dose Equivalents from External Photon and Electron Radiations. ICRU Report 47. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
166.
ICRU, 1993. Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. ICRU Report 51. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
167.
ICRU, 1998. Conversion Coefficients for use in Radiological Protection Against External Radiation. ICRU Report 57. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
168.
ICRU, 2001. Determination of Operational Dose Equivalent Quantities for Neutrons. ICRU Report 66. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
169.
PelliccioniM., 2000. Overview of fluence-to-effective dose and fluence-to-ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficients for high energy radiation calculated using the FLUKA code. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 88, 279–297.
170.
VeinotK.HertelN., 2010. Personal dose equivalent conversion coefficients for photons to 1 GeV. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 145, 28–35.
171.
ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP37(2–4).
172.
SeltzerS.M., 1993. Calculation of photon mass energy-transfer and mass energy-absorption coefficients. Radiat. Res. 136, 147–170.
173.
EckermanK.F., 1985. Aspects of the dosimetry of radionuclides within the skeleton with particular emphasis on the active marrow. In: Schlafke-StelsonA.T.WatsonE.E. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth International Radiopharmaceutical Dosimetry Symposium. Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, pp. 514–534.
174.
EckermanK.F.BolchW.E.ZanklM.Petoussi-HenssN., 2008. Response functions for computing absorbed dose to skeletal tissues for photon irradiation. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 127, 187–191.
175.
HoughM.JohnsonP.RajonD.JokischD.LeeC.BolchW., 2011. An image-based skeletal dosimetry model for the ICRP reference adult male-internal electron sources. Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 2309–2346.
176.
HubbellJ.SeltzerS., 2004. Tables of X-ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients and Mass Energy-Absorption Coefficients. Version 1.4. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
JohnsonP.B.BahadoriA.A.EckermanK.F.LeeC.BolchW.E., 2011. Response functions for computing absorbed dose to skeletal tissues from photon irradiation - an update. Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 2347–2365.
179.
KramerR., 1979. Determination of Conversion Factors Between Tissue Dose and Relevant Radiation Quantities for External X-ray and Gamma-ray Radiation. GSF Report S-556. GSF — National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg.
180.
LeeC.LeeC.ShahA.P.BolchW.E., 2006. An assessment of bone marrow and bone endosteum dosimetry methods for photon sources. Phys. Med. Biol. 51, 5391–5407.
181.
ZanklM.FillU.Petoussi-HenssN.RegullaD., 2002. Organ dose conversion coefficients for external photon irradiation of male and female voxel models. Phys. Med. Biol. 47, 2367–2385.
182.
BahadoriA.A.JohnsonP.B.JokischD.W.EckermanK.F.BolchW.E., 2011. Response functions for computing absorbed dose to skeletal tissues from neutron irradiation. Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 6873–6897.
183.
JokischD.W.RajonD.A.BahadoriA.A.BolchW.E., 2011a. An image-based skeletal dosimetry model for the ICRP reference adult male — specific absorbed fractions for neutron-generated recoil protons. Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 6857–6872.
184.
JokischD.W.RajonD.A.PattonP.W.BolchW.E., 2011b. Methods for the inclusion of shallow marrow and adipose tissue in pathlength-based skeletal dosimetry. Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 2699–2713.
185.
KerrG.D.EckermanK.F., 1985. Neutron and photon fluence-to-dose conversion factors for active marrow of the skeleton. In: SchraubeH.BurgerG.BoozJ. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Neutron Dosimetry. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg, pp. 133–145, 17–21 September 1984, Munich, Germany.
186.
BehrensR.DietzeG., 2010. Monitoring the eye lens: which dose quantity is adequate?. Phys. Med. Biol. 55, 4047–4062.
187.
BehrensR.DietzeG., 2011a. Corrigendum. Monitoring the eye lens: which dose quantity is adequate?. Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 511.
188.
BehrensR.DietzeG., 2011b. Dose conversion coefficients for photon exposure of the human eye lens. Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 415–437.
189.
BehrensR.DietzeG.ZanklM., 2009. Dose conversion coefficients for electron exposure of the human eye lens. Phys. Med. Biol. 54, 4069–4087.
190.
BehrensR.DietzeG.ZanklM., 2010. Corrigendum. Dose conversion coefficients for electron exposure of the human eye lens. Phys. Med. Biol. 55, 3937–3945.
191.
CharlesM.W.BrownN., 1975. Dimensions of the human eye relevant to radiation protection (dosimetry). Phys. Med. Biol. 20, 202–218.
192.
HanE.Y.BolchW.E.EckermanK.F., 2006. Revisions to the ORNL series of adult and pediatric computational phantoms for use with the MIRD schema. Health Phys. 90, 337–356.
193.
ICRP, 1955. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Br. J. Radiol. 28 (Suppl. 6), 1–92.
194.
ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP37(2–4).
195.
ICRP, 2012. ICRP statement on tissue reactions and early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs: threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context. ICRP Publication 118. Ann. ICRP41(1–3).
196.
KramerR.ZanklM.WilliamsG., 1982. The Calculation of Dose from External Photon Exposures Using Reference Human Phantoms and Monte Carlo Methods. Part I: the Male (Adam) and Female (Eva) Adult Mathematical Phantoms. GSF Report S-885. GSF - National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Neuherberg.
197.
MangerR.P.BellamyM.B.EckermanK.F., 2011. Dose conversion coefficients for neutron exposure to the lens of the human eye. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr202.
198.
NogueiraP.ZanklM.SchlattlH., 2011. Dose conversion coefficients for monoenergetic electrons incident on a realistic human eye model with different lens cell populations. Phys. Med. Biol. 56(21), 6919–6934.
199.
PelowitzD.B.E., 2008. MCNPX User's Manual, Version 2.6.0. LA-CP-07-1473. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
200.
ICRP, 1991. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Ann. ICRP21(1–3).
201.
ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP37(2–4).
PelowitzD.B. (Ed.), 2008. MCNPX User's Manual, Version 2.6.0. LA-CP-07–1473. Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
204.
BattistoniG.FerrariA.PelliccioniM., 2004. Monte Carlo calculation of the angular distribution of cosmic rays at flight altitudes. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 112, 331–343.
205.
BattistoniG.FerrariA.PelliccioniM., 2005. Evaluation of the doses to aircrew members taking into consideration the aircraft structures. In: SmartD.F.WorgulB.V. (Eds.), Space Life Sciences: Aircraft and Space Radiation Environment. Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford, pp. 1645–1652.
206.
FerrariA.PelliccioniM., 2003. On the conversion coefficients for cosmic ray dosimetry. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 104, 211–220.
207.
FerrariA.PelliccioniM.RancatiT., 2001. Calculation of the radiation environment caused by galactic cosmic rays for determining air crew exposure. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 93, 101–114.
208.
FerrariA.PelliccioniM.VillariR., 2004. Evaluation of the influence of aircraft shielding on the aircrew exposure through an aircraft mathematical model. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 108, 91–105.
209.
ICRP, 1991. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 60. Ann. ICRP21(1–3).
210.
ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP37(2–4).
ICRU, 2010. Reference Data for the Validation of Doses from Cosmic Radiation Exposures of Aircraft Crew. ICRU Report 84. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD.
213.
PelliccioniM., 2000. Overview of fluence-to-effective dose and fluence-to-ambient dose equivalent conversion coefficients for high energy radiation calculated using the FLUKA code. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 88, 279–297.
214.
SatoT.NiitaK., 2006. Analytical functions to predict cosmic-ray neutron spectra in the atmosphere. Radiat. Res. 166, 544–555.
215.
SatoT.YasudaH.NiitaK., 2008. Development of PARMA: PHITS-based analytical radiation model in the atmosphere. Radiat. Res. 170, 244–259.
216.
SatoT.EndoA.ZanklM., 2011. Fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients for aircrew dosimetry based on the new ICRP recommendations. Prog. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 1, 134–137.
217.
de BoorC., 1978. A Practical Guide to Splines. Springer Verlag, New York.
218.
ICRP, 2002. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. ICRP Publication 89. Ann. ICRP32(3/4).
219.
ICRP, 2007. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 103. Ann. ICRP37(2–4).